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World Geography Studying > MT8: Oceania & Antartica > Flashcards

MT8: Oceania & Antartica Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main islands of Oceania?

A

New Zealand
Australia
Papua New Guinea

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2
Q

What are the three large island groups of Oceania?

A

Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia

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3
Q

what is the difference between an island and a continent?

A

size

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4
Q

Name two things about the Australian outback.

A

Interior of Australia

low plateaus and plains

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5
Q

What is Melanesia?

A

a cluster of islands north and east of Australia and just south of the equator
It means Black islands. It is named after the native people to the area.

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6
Q

What is Micronesia

A

a cluster of islands on both sides of the equator
means tiny islands. named after the size of the islands
they are also made out of coral reefs

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7
Q

What is Polynesia

A

the largest grouping of islands
means many islands because of the number of islands
includes New Zealand, Tahiti, Samoa, Hawaii…
separated by hundreds of miles of sea

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8
Q

What is Antarctica covered with?

A

ice sheets

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9
Q

What are some of the climates that Australia and Oceania have?

A

Arid, semi-arid, tropical wet and dry, humid subtropical, marine west coast, Mediterranean, Highland (if there are mountains).

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10
Q

what is the coldest recorded temperature in Antarctica?

A

-129º Fahrenheit

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11
Q

What are two ways chaparral plants adapt to fires

A

resisting

growing back quickly.

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12
Q

How do historians believe that people came to Oceania and Australia?

A

Traveled by land bridge and water when necessary and possible.

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13
Q

who are Aborigines

A

first people to live in Australia

nomadic herders who were there about 50,000 years before Europeans.

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14
Q

Most south pacific islands were once colonies to what countries?

A

European

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15
Q

How was Australia colonized?

A

In 1788 Great Britain used Australia as a prison- ended in 1868.
1851- gold was discovered and people rushed in to get their share.

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16
Q

What percentage of people in Oceania live in urban areas?

A

70%

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17
Q

What is the predominant religion of Oceania?

A

christianity

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18
Q

European settlers brought what animals to Oceania

A

sheep and cattle

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19
Q

what is the sheep to people ration in New Zealand

A

12 to 1

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20
Q

what are the precious metals of Australia

A

gold
silver
copper

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21
Q

what is copra

A

dried coconut meal

cash crop

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22
Q

what is commercial fishing

A

when people fish to make money to support their families.

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23
Q

how much of earth does the pacific ocean cover

A

70%

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24
Q

What are volcanic islands?

Give an example.

A

an island formed when an underwater volcano builds up enough lava and ash to rise above sea level.
Hawaii

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25
Q

What are Atolls?

Give an example

A

a ring of coral island and reefs that surround a shallow body of ocean water called a lagoon.
Bikini Atoll

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26
Q

What are continental islands?

Give an example

A

an island that was once part of a continent but now the land bridge is covered in water.
Madagascar

27
Q

how many islands are in the Pacific Ocean

A

20,000+

28
Q

how many countries are located on the Pacific islands

A

14

29
Q

how do ocean currents work?

A

winds blow across the water and move it in circular patterns like the wind. water near the equator is warmed. when the warm water is close to land it heats up the air around.

30
Q

what is a tsunami

A

a giant sea wave caused by underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions: cause major flooding and destruction.

31
Q

what is a typhoon

A

a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific oceans

32
Q

what are different resources that come from the Pacific ocean

A
  1. many different plants and animals
  2. medicines from different species
  3. pearls
  4. metals such as nickel, copper, and manganese
  5. oil and natural gasses
  6. tourism
33
Q

Physical features of New Zealand

A 
2 large continental islands
about the size of California
volcanos
rivers, lakes, hot springs, geysers, hot mud pools
the southern Alps 
fjords
34
Q

climate of New Zealand

A 
marine west coast
mostly sunny
uneven but regular rain
west of the southern alps get the most
east of the southern Alps is located in a rain shadow
35
Q

Economy of New Zealand

A 
farming- fertile land
Meat and dairy from cows'
wool from sheep
Tuna and other types of fish
tourism
36
Q

Human adaptations of New Zealand

A

a few large cities on the north island with a lot of people
summer= light jackets
winter= warm clothes
skiing, hiking, surfing, swimming, white water rafting
natural spas
cars and trains to get around the islands
planes to get to the mainland

37
Q

Physical Features of Tahiti

A

the largest island of French Polynesia
402 square miles
1/3 the size of Rhode Island
Big and Small Tahiti connected by an isthmus
many cliffs and waterfalls and sleeping volcanos

38
Q

Climate of Tahiti

A

wet and dry seasons

Tropical wet and dry

39
Q

Economy of Tahiti

A

breadfruit, coconut palms, citrus fruits, orchids
most foods were grown but now is imported
tourism
black pearls
fishing

40
Q

Human adaptations of Tahiti

A

home to 1/2 population of French polynesia
Housing is more advanced now but still not as advanced as the U.S
variety of recreation
modern airport
open air busses

41
Q

Physical Features of Kwajalein

A 
largest coral atoll in the world
97 islands
6.5 square miles in total
600 square miles of lagoon between the islands
only 12-15 feet above sea level
floods easily
rivers and springs bring freshwater
desalinisation plants
42
Q

Climate of Kwajalein

A

Tropical wet
80-88º
rain every day
the difference between seasons is the length of storms
coral protects the islands from large waves

43
Q

Economy of Kwajalein

A 
not good for farming
coconut palm, breadfruit, arrowroot
fishing
U.S military base 
tourism
44
Q

Human Adaptations of Kwajalein

A

people live on only 14 out of the 97 islands
the rain and salty air rusts everything
cars only belong to the U.S military
Mostly ferries, planes, and bikes are travel options
U.S army owns all the housing
they dress like us.

45
Q

what is the average temperature of the south pole?

A

-74º Fahrenheit

46
Q

Define Global Warming

A

a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere

47
Q

define the greenhouse effect

A

a process that occurs when gasses in the atmosphere prevent heat from the surface of the earth from escaping

48
Q

why does Antarctica get so cold

A

most distant from the equator

receives less sun

49
Q

what percentage of Antarctica is a covered in glaciers or ice sheets
how thick are they

A

98%

well over a mile

50
Q

what is the antartic treaty

A

stated that antartica is a peaceful place for scientific investagatioins

51
Q

what are the three key ideas of global warming

A

climate is getting warmer
caused by humans
harmful to both humans and biomes

52
Q

what are the 3 most common greenhouse gasses

A

carbon dioxiode
methane
water vapor

53
Q

what is the reason that greenhouse gas levels are rising

A

humans burn fossil fules such as coal oil and natural gas

54
Q

name three pieces of evidence to support the global warming theory.

A

climate records
glacier records
rising levels of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere

55
Q

name three terrible consequences that scientist warn of global warming

A

some places will lose plants and animals not adapted to the warmer
crop-failure will lead to worldwide hunger
ocean temps will rise and melt the glaciers: coastal cities will be flooded

56
Q

list the counter arguments to global warming

A

temeratures show little signs of warming
most surface temps are measured in big cities which are warmer because of buildings and concrete
some glaciers are growing

57
Q

how do researchers study ice shelves

A

placing satellites to track them

spend time at observation posts examining temperature changes

58
Q

name two facts about penguins of Antarctica

A

the most common are the Adelie penguins

nest in places with no ice or snow

59
Q

What is the capital of Australia

A

Canberra

60
Q

What is the capital of Papua New Guinea

A

port Moresby

61
Q

What is the capital of Fiji

A

suva

62
Q

What is the capital of Samoa

A

Apia

63
Q

What is the capital of Vanuatu

A

port vila

64
Q

What is the capital of New Zealand

A

Wellington

World Geography Studying (7 decks)

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