MT2: Europe Flashcards
what are the four peninsulas in Europe
Iberian
Italian
Balkan
Scandinavian
What is the North European Plain?
How big is it?
the largest expense of flat land on earth.
2500 miles from east to west
What are the three great mountain ranges of Europe?
The Alps
The Pyrenees
The Apennines
Name three things the rivers of Europe are used for.
- It connects countries
- It provides drinking water to the people
- It provides electricity and power
What is the second longest river in the world?
Danube River
How is Europe affected by latitude?
Areas south of the Alps have more of a temperate climate then areas to the north.
How is Europe affected by the Ocean?
The wind takes on the temperature of the water and leaves a more mild climate with few extreme temperatures.
What climate type is found near the ocean and has mild temperatures all year long?
Marine west coast climate.
What climate type has defined seasons and very extreme temperatures?
Humid Continental Climate.
What climate type has long summers with very mild winters with little to no snow?
Mediterranean climate.
What is the most common vegetation zone is Europe?
Forests
Describe a Deciduous Tree.
Leaves fall off in the winter, they shed fruit or petals after flowering.
Describe a Coniferous Tree.
Trees with needles that don’t shed in the winter, cone-bearing seed.
What is a mixed forest?
A forest with 2 or more types of trees.
What has happened to the forest of Europe?
They have been cleared for agriculture, timber, and fuel.
What are the three language families do most European families belong to?
Romantic, Germanic, Slovic
What were the first two great civilizations of Europe? (include years)
Greece 700’s B.C.
Rome 500’s B.C
How were nations formed?
People focused on their faith.
Renaissance period.
What were two things that happened during the Industrial Revolution? When did it start?
- Moved production of goods into factories.
- machines took over work by hand
It started during the 1700’s
What has happened to the population of Europe?
It has stopped growing.
What is a birth rate?
The number of births per 1000 people.
________ is the main religion is Europe.
Christianity
Name a few products manufactured in Europe.
Stereos, Furniture, Dishes, Silverware, Steel, Cars, Electronics, Watches, Chocolate, Medicine
What is commercial farming? Where is it?
Commercial farming is farming for your city and not just farming to sustain your family.
Farms are spread out along river valleys and across the North European Plain.
In Scandinavia ______ and _______ are big industries.
Fishing and Forestry.
What is a subway?
An underground electric railroad.
What is a tunnel shield?
A protective structure used during the making of a tunnel so the ground above is supported.
What is a supranational organization?
A form of government that stands above the countries involved governments.
When did WWI start? How long did it last?
1914, 4 years
Who came up with the idea of a united Europe?
Robert Schuman from France.
What is the common currency of Europe?
The Euro
How many members are apart of the European parliament?
700, it is the largest branch of the government.
T/F European Union countries do not have to carry out EU decisions when they disagree.
False. If you join the EU you have to do what they say.
Define centripetal force.
The force that brings people of the EU together.
Define centrifugal force.
The force that pulls people of the EU apart
What is a common market?
When countries reduce or remove trade barriers such as tariffs.
What is a trade bloc?
When a group of countries that act together to increase their influence over world trade.
Define diversity.
refers to all the ways in witch people are different to one another.
What is a demography?
The study of human populations: how they change due to births, deaths, aging, and migration.
Define total fertility rate.
The average number of kids a woman will have in her lifetime given a population. varies from country to country.
Define life expectancy.
The average age for a person in a given population can expect to live to. Varies from country to country.
What is the capital of Austria?
Vienna
What is the capital of Belgium?
Brussels
What is the capital of Denmark?
Copenhagen
What is the capital of Finland?
Helsinki
What is the capital of France?
Paris
What is the capital of Germany?
Berlin
What is the capital of Greece?
Athens
What is the capital of Iceland?
Reykjavik
What is the capital of Ireland?
Dublin
What is the capital of Italy?
Rome
What is the capital of Netherlands?
Amsterdam
What is the capital of Norway?
Oslo
What is the capital of Portugal?
Lisbon
What is the capital of Spain?
Madrid
What is the capital of Sweden?
Stockholm
What is the capital of Switzerland?
Bern
What is the capital of the United Kingdom?
London
What is the capital of Albania?
Tiranë
What is the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Sarajevo
What is the capital of Bulgaria?
Sofia
What is the capital of Croatia?
Zagreb
What is the capital of Czech Republic?
Prauge
What is the capital of Hungary?
Budapest
What is the capital of Macedonia?
Skopje
What is the capital of Poland?
Warsaw
What is the capital of Romania?
Bucarest
What is the capital of Slovak Republic?
Bratislava
What is the capital of Slovenia?
Ljubljana
What is the capital of Serbia?
Belgrade
What is a dependency ratio?
The number of old and young dependents who don’t work compared with the working-age population. The higher the ratio the more young and old people the workers have to support.
What is a population pyramid?
A graph that shows the ages and genders of in a population with the youngest ages shown at the bottom and the oldest at the top
What is a pension?
a regular payment made during a person’s retirement from an investment fund to which that person or their employer has contributed during their working life.
Define replacement rate.
The total fertility rate needed for a population to replace itself. It varies by country but is on average about 2.1.
Define transboundary pollution.
Pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries usually by wind or water
How does pollution occur?
Pollution occurs when a dangerous substance, such as certain chemicals, enter the air, water, or soil.
What happened in Chernobyl on April 25, 1986?
An explosion happened at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The wind took the radiation to places thousands of miles away.
What is the major cause of air pollution today?
Exhaust from cars and factories.
What was the major cause of pollution 100 years ago?
When people burned coal to heat their homes.
The Black Triangle is part of which 3 countries?
Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic.
Why is it called the Black Triangle?
It is called the Black Triangle because many factories there burn lignite coal. This coal has a soot cloud that hangs over the area and gives it the nickname the Black Triangle.
When lignite coal burns what two chemicals does it give off?
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
What happens when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with water?
Acid rain.
What do smokestack scrubbers do?
chemically remove the sulfur dioxide from the gasses leaving the smokestacks.
Why do mining companies use cyanide?
To remove gold from less valuable rock.
Why did the effects of cyanide not last very long in the Danube river?
Cyanide breaks down in the sunlight and because of this by the time it got to the Danube, it wasn’t strong enough to hurt the fish.
