MT2 - Ethnicity and achievement Flashcards
Palmer
e/m such as Pakistani and Bangladeshi tend to be among the poorest in the UK because they live in areas of high unemployment and their traditional attitudes in which women tend not to work mean there is only one income to support the family. The lack of English language skills and qualifications also makes it difficult for them to find well paid jobs.
Bereiter and Engelmann
Students that come from a black family are inadequate for educational success as they use the restricted code which is ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas. As schools use the elaborated code in lessons and exams, students are put at a disadvantantage however many indian/chinese-british students speak english as an additional language yet do very well at school
Scruton
Attitudes and values of fatalism, collectivisation and immediate gratification cause black students fail to integrate into mainstream British culture which causes them to underachieve.
Keddie
Criticizes that cultural deprivation theories are racist/ethnocentric and assuming black culture and values are inferior and different to the mainstream culture
Sewell - asian students
Asian students do much better in education than black students because they are brought up in supportive and close-knit families which put high value on education and have an Asian work ethic.
Moynihan (New Right)
Many black e/m children are being brought up in lone parent families in which they are deprived of adequate care because the mother has to struggle financially in the absence of a male role model.
Murray
Black family structure causes black students to underachieve. He believes that the lack of positive male role models in black matrifocal families causes the underachievement of students, especially boys. Murray sees this deprivation as a cycle of disadvantage where poorly socialised children grow up and become inadequate parents themselves so the process is repeated for their children.
Sewell - tough love
Black fathers are not absent, but it is the black fathers’ ‘tough love’ that causes black boys to struggle to overcome emotional difficulties and turn to gangs for male role models who give them anti-school attitudes leading them to underachieve.
Driver
Ethnicity can have a positive effect on achievement, e.g. Caribbean families provide girls with positive female role models. This is why black girls get better results than black boys.
Wood et al
Wood et al found that applicants with an English sounding name were more likely to be invited for interviews after sending identical job applications for the same job except with fictitious names associated with a particular ethnic group.
Gillborn and Youdell
ethnic minorities underachieve due to labelling and teacher racism. This is because teachers misinterpret the behaviour of black boys as challenging their authority. Teachers also hold the racialized expectation of black students having behavioural problems making them more likely to discipline black boys even for minor offences which makes pupils react negatively and form an anti-school subculture
Coard
Ethnocentric curriculum (a prime example of institutional racism) in british schools that produces underachievement - the lack of Black role models and the underminement of black’ culture in the curriculum causes children to underachieve due to low self esteem.
Maureen Stone
Criticizes ethnocentric theory by stating that Black children do not in fact suffer from low self esteem and other factors instead contribute to their underachievement
Gillborn
White students have more access to opportunities whereas ethnic minority groups are discriminated against by teachers and this causes underachievement e.g in programmes such as ‘Gifted and Talented’ where white students are more likely to be chosen to join.
Tikly
Found ethnic minority students are more likely to be placed in lower sets and entered into foundation tier exams based on teacher assumptions based on student background and behaviour instead of their actual ability.
