MT2 Flashcards
Why do we study the history of nursing?
- Provides a sense of professional heritage and identity
- By understanding the past we can define the present and influence the future
- aids in development of effective health policy & patient care strategies
Where was the first formal training of nurses?
Kaiserwerth Institute, Germany
What famous nurse figure attended Kaiserwerth?
- Florence Nightengale
- Students learned apprenticeship of physicians
Who founded the HSS?
- 1893-Present
- Lillian Ward & Lavina Dock
Who are some of the leaders of nursing DURING the Civil War?
- Sisters of Charity
- Sisters of Mercy
- Clara Barton
- Dorothea L. Dix
- Harriet Tubman
- Pheobe Pember
Who recommended that a formal training program should be established?
- 1869
- Dr. Samuel Gross
- Recommended to AMA and that all hospitals should have a training program taught by physicians
When did the 1st training school get established?
- 1872
- New England Hospital, NY
- Linda Richards first grad
What did Linda Richards do in 1878?
Opened up Florence Nightengale Nurse Training Program @ Boston College Hospital
How many nursing schools were there in 1890?
432
What two models of nursing schools were there?
- Florence Nightengale schools
- AMA Medical Model
What is the Henry Street Settlement?
- 1st formalized public health nursing
- in response to poverty, over crowding, & disease bought on by influx of immigrants in NYC
What is the NLN?
- National League for Nursing
- 1883 Chicago Worlds Fair
What is the ANA?
- American Nurses Assoc.
- 1896 - Isabel Hampton Robb
What is the ICN?
- International Council of Nurses
- 1899 - United org. of all nations
What is the Natl. Assoc. of Colored Grad Nurses?
- 1908 - 1951 when ANA accepted AA
Who are some founders/leaders of professional nursing org.?
- Isabell Hampton Robb
- Lavina Lloyd Dock
- Bedford Fenwick
What did the NLN want to do in 1903?
Sought nursing licensure to protect public from incompetent nurses
Whats the 1st state to have mandatory licensure?
NY
Who was Isabel Hampton Robb?
- Director & founder of John Hopkins Nursing Program (1st diploma school)
- Wrote Nursing Standard Ethics
- Edu standards for nurses
- Founded ANA
Who was Lavina Lloyd Dock?
- Taught at John Hopkins - assist. to Robb
- Wrote History of Nursing w/ Nutting
- Started public health and school nursing (Nurses settlement)
- Women’s rights and BC advocate
- Jailed 3x
- Grad from Bellevue Hosptial training school in NY 1886
- Visiting Nurse Service CT
- Joined HSS w/ Wald
Who is Lillian Wald?
- Founder of HSS
- Founder of Public Health Nursing Org
- Wrote Standards for Public Health Nursing
Who is Adelaide Nutting?
- Belived in University edu for nurses
- Founded nursing school at Columbia U (1907)
- Wrote Standards of Curriculum for Schools of Nursing
Who is Jessie Sleet Scales?
- Worked w/ AA TB pts in NYC
- Brought community health to slums of NYC
- Est Stillman House brance of HSS serving colored
What 2 org were produced after the Spanish American War?
- 1901 Army Nurse Corp
- 1908 Navy “
What orgs formed after WW1?
- Ntl committee on nursing
- army school of nursing
- american red cross
Cadet Nurse Corp was created when?
After WW2
Who formed the ARC?
- Clara Barton 1881
- modeled after Europe
- immediate emergency disaster-caused needs
- >70,000 disasters a year presently
When did nurses begin doing procedures w/o Doctors?
Vietnam War
Nurses became directors of mobile hospitals in Jungle
Who founded Hospice?
1971 - Florence Wald
When was the first nursing masters program created?
1976
What major events occured in th 1970’s?
- Cert. of NPs
- Adv in research leading to its own body of knowledge
- famous Kardex
What events occured in the 1980’s?
- Team nsg
- AIDS
- /Cap & Cloth aprons
- Shortage
- Men
What events occured in the 1990’s?
- Primary Nursing
- dissatisfaction, leave to community
- preventable disease increase mortalitly in US
What events occured in 2000+?
- Another shortage
- High pt acuity
- Teaching Faculty shortage
- focus on Community/Public health
- Dr of NP (2004)
What SON did Florence Nightengale open?
1860 - St. Thomas Hospital, London
What are some characteristics of Diploma Programs?
- peak 1930-1960s
- Early: Apprentice of DR>Nightenale model
- Later: prereqs at CC 2-3 yrs
- live in dorms, cerfew, “HM”
- Clinical>Theory
What book encouraged girls to join nursing during WW2?
Cherry Ames, SN by Helen Wells
Who proposed an AA?
- Mildred Montag
- WW2 to cover shortage
- temp fix until BSN students ready
What are characteristics of a BSN?
- Needed to be called PROFESSION
- LT prof. adv.
- prepares for grad programs/ adv. practice
- slow growth
What are requirements for licensure?
- grad from approved program
- NCLEX: Natl Council Licensure EXamination
- app, fees, fingerprinting, photo
What did Aiken (2003) reveal?
showed direct correlation between high levels of education & better pt outcomes
What did U of Penn (2012) reveal?
correlation between BSN & lower post op mortality
What did ACA do to foster academic progression?
- authorized funding for loan repayment
- $5 billion for NP edu
- no caps for grants for PhD
What is the BSN in 10?
- NY, NJ, RI
- RN’s not practicing yet must obtain BSN by 10 yrs of licensure
What are some of the influences on BSN edu?
- Brown Report
- ANA Position Report
- Goldmark Report
- Mildren Montag
- Institute of Medicine Report (IOM)
What was the Goldmark Report (1922)?
- Pushed for University based nursing programs
- launched “professionals or technicians”
What was the Brown Report (1948)?
- Recommended SON be in colleges/universities
- effort to gain Men/Minorities
What is the Nursing Training Act of 1964?
- poured nearly $300 mil into nursing edu, especially collegiate
- most significant milestone in nsg edu
What is the ANA’s position paper (1965)?
- min BSN to be an RN
- new license/title for AA, (RAN)
- remove diploma schools
What is the 2010 IOM report?
Calls for increasing # of BSN nurses to 80% and doubling DR. of RN by 2020
What are Certified Nurse Midwives?
- RN’s in Midwifery program
- deliver babies, family planning, ob/gyn care
- less anesthesia, induced labor, fetal monitoring
What is a DNP and PhD?
- DNP: Practice oriented or clinical doctorate
- PhD: research oriented degree
What are the new ways nursing student receive funding under Obama’s new workforce development program?
- Workforce Diversity Grants (minority, disadvantaged)
- Nurse Students Service Corp (repay loans when work in shortage area)
- Comprehensive Geriatric Ed. Grant (when work w/ elderly)
What are the continuing edu requirements for licensure renewa;?
- 30 hours q 2 yrs
- provider must be recognized by BRN
What is medical informatics (1950)?
- tools of information technology
- collect, store, process info
- communication of health
- EX: medical record management, pt safety, drug admin, results reporting,
- sharing of info between providers and allied health
- the science that studies the structure and general properties of scientific info & the laws of all processes of sci communication
What did Connie Settlemeyer do?
designed idea of computer assisted instruction for nursing students charting using SOAP notes
How were computers 1st introduced into HC?
- 1971 El Camino + Lockheed install Medical Info System (MIS)
- soon after used for business and inventory management, cardiac lab/icu monitoring, and calcuations
What are some Informatics Prof. Org?
- IMIA, AMIA, ANIA -Informatics Assoc.
- International, American Medical, American Nursing
- Nursing Info. Group
- HIMSS: HC Info & Management Systems Society
- ANA
What is the ANA’s definition of informatics in nursing?
- specialty that integrates nursing sci, comp sci, and info sci, to manage and communicate data, info, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice
What does the ACE star model provide?
a framework for converting research knowledge into a form that has utility in the clinical decision making process
Discovery Research
Knowledge is in the form of results from single research studies.
Evidence Summary
Evidence summaries include evidence synthesis, systematic reviews, integrative reviews and reviews of literature
What is the AHRQ?
- Agency for Healthcare Research Quality
- provides sharing of what works along w/ evidence to back up innovation
Differences between EMR & EHR?
- EMR
- snapshot of pt encounter integrated w/ other systems
- med admin/barcode
- clinical documentation
- lab, radiology, PT, nutrition
- EHR
- electronic record of health related info on an individual
- >1 health care organization
- active problem lists
- measures to support health status
- clinical decision info
- confidentiality
- facilitates clincal problem solving
What is QSEN and what are th 6 essentials?
- defines knowledge and skills and attitudes necessary for the domain of informatics
- patient-centered care
- teamwork and collaboration
- evidence-based practice
- quality improvement
- safety
- informatics
Definition of Statutory Law
- Written law passed by legislature on the state or federal level
- Nurses must abide because we are licensed by state
Def of Common Law
Laws evolved from decisions of previous cases that form a precedent
What is a tort?
- Wrongful act against a person or his/her property
What is the Nurse Practice Act?
Outlines scope of practice and responsibilities for RN’s w/n ea state
What is the Patient Self Determination Act?
Requires hospitals, nursing homes, and hospice providers to provide info about adv health care directives upon admission (LIVING WILL)
What are some tasks you cannot delegate to UAP?
- meds
- tube/parenteral tube feedings
- tracheal suctioning, NG tube, catheters
- assessments
- education
What is the Nuremburg Code?
- From unethical medical experiments by Nazi Drs
- 1947
- Voluntary consent
What is the declaration of Helsinki?
- 1964 Finland
- World Med Association
- built on Nuremburg Code
What is the Willbrook Study?
- Mentally disabled children NY
- received IM dose of Hep B
- Prior: Subjects fed extracts of infected stool
What is the Nursing Process?
- Define Problem
- Review literature
- Hypothesis
- Select design
- Implement
- Draw Conclusions
- Discuss Implications
- Dissemination of findings
What is QuaNtitative Research?
- systemic, objective, measurable
- usually randomized, control, LARGE sample
What is quaLitative research?
- Subjective, descriptive
- natural setting, not controlled, fewer sample
- no accurate measurement
- EX: interviews
What is IOM?
- Institute of Med
- independent, nonprofit, outside gov
- provides unbiased, authoritative advice to decision makers/public
What terms are you allowed to use when referring to the impaired?
- deaf
- deaf-blind
- oral deaf
- HOH
- late deafend
Why do the blind have sleep disturbances?
- Don’t see light so circadium rhythym is off
- non-24
