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N111 > MT2 > Flashcards

MT2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we study the history of nursing?

A
  • Provides a sense of professional heritage and identity
  • By understanding the past we can define the present and influence the future
  • aids in development of effective health policy & patient care strategies
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2
Q

Where was the first formal training of nurses?

A

Kaiserwerth Institute, Germany

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3
Q

What famous nurse figure attended Kaiserwerth?

A
  • Florence Nightengale
  • Students learned apprenticeship of physicians
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4
Q

Who founded the HSS?

A
  • 1893-Present
  • Lillian Ward & Lavina Dock
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5
Q

Who are some of the leaders of nursing DURING the Civil War?

A
  • Sisters of Charity
  • Sisters of Mercy
  • Clara Barton
  • Dorothea L. Dix
  • Harriet Tubman
  • Pheobe Pember
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6
Q

Who recommended that a formal training program should be established?

A
  • 1869
  • Dr. Samuel Gross
  • Recommended to AMA and that all hospitals should have a training program taught by physicians
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7
Q

When did the 1st training school get established?

A
  • 1872
  • New England Hospital, NY
  • Linda Richards first grad
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8
Q

What did Linda Richards do in 1878?

A

Opened up Florence Nightengale Nurse Training Program @ Boston College Hospital

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9
Q

How many nursing schools were there in 1890?

A

432

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10
Q

What two models of nursing schools were there?

A
  1. Florence Nightengale schools
  2. AMA Medical Model
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11
Q

What is the Henry Street Settlement?

A
  • 1st formalized public health nursing
  • in response to poverty, over crowding, & disease bought on by influx of immigrants in NYC
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12
Q

What is the NLN?

A
  • National League for Nursing
  • 1883 Chicago Worlds Fair
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13
Q

What is the ANA?

A
  • American Nurses Assoc.
  • 1896 - Isabel Hampton Robb
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14
Q

What is the ICN?

A
  • International Council of Nurses
  • 1899 - United org. of all nations
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15
Q

What is the Natl. Assoc. of Colored Grad Nurses?

A
  • 1908 - 1951 when ANA accepted AA
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16
Q

Who are some founders/leaders of professional nursing org.?

A
  • Isabell Hampton Robb
  • Lavina Lloyd Dock
  • Bedford Fenwick
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17
Q

What did the NLN want to do in 1903?

A

Sought nursing licensure to protect public from incompetent nurses

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18
Q

Whats the 1st state to have mandatory licensure?

A

NY

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19
Q

Who was Isabel Hampton Robb?

A
  • Director & founder of John Hopkins Nursing Program (1st diploma school)
  • Wrote Nursing Standard Ethics
  • Edu standards for nurses
  • Founded ANA
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20
Q

Who was Lavina Lloyd Dock?

A
  • Taught at John Hopkins - assist. to Robb
  • Wrote History of Nursing w/ Nutting
  • Started public health and school nursing (Nurses settlement)
  • Women’s rights and BC advocate
  • Jailed 3x
  • Grad from Bellevue Hosptial training school in NY 1886
  • Visiting Nurse Service CT
  • Joined HSS w/ Wald
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21
Q

Who is Lillian Wald?

A
  • Founder of HSS
  • Founder of Public Health Nursing Org
  • Wrote Standards for Public Health Nursing
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22
Q

Who is Adelaide Nutting?

A
  • Belived in University edu for nurses
  • Founded nursing school at Columbia U (1907)
  • Wrote Standards of Curriculum for Schools of Nursing
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23
Q

Who is Jessie Sleet Scales?

A
  • Worked w/ AA TB pts in NYC
  • Brought community health to slums of NYC
  • Est Stillman House brance of HSS serving colored
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24
Q

What 2 org were produced after the Spanish American War?

A
  • 1901 Army Nurse Corp
  • 1908 Navy “
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25
Q

What orgs formed after WW1?

A
  • Ntl committee on nursing
  • army school of nursing
  • american red cross
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26
Q

Cadet Nurse Corp was created when?

A

After WW2

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27
Q

Who formed the ARC?

A
  • Clara Barton 1881
  • modeled after Europe
  • immediate emergency disaster-caused needs
  • >70,000 disasters a year presently
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28
Q

When did nurses begin doing procedures w/o Doctors?

A

Vietnam War

Nurses became directors of mobile hospitals in Jungle

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29
Q

Who founded Hospice?

A

1971 - Florence Wald

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30
Q

When was the first nursing masters program created?

A

1976

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31
Q

What major events occured in th 1970’s?

A
  • Cert. of NPs
  • Adv in research leading to its own body of knowledge
  • famous Kardex
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32
Q

What events occured in the 1980’s?

A
  • Team nsg
  • AIDS
  • /Cap & Cloth aprons
  • Shortage
  • Men
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33
Q

What events occured in the 1990’s?

A
  • Primary Nursing
  • dissatisfaction, leave to community
  • preventable disease increase mortalitly in US
34
Q

What events occured in 2000+?

A
  • Another shortage
  • High pt acuity
  • Teaching Faculty shortage
  • focus on Community/Public health
  • Dr of NP (2004)
35
Q

What SON did Florence Nightengale open?

A

1860 - St. Thomas Hospital, London

36
Q

What are some characteristics of Diploma Programs?

A
  • peak 1930-1960s
  • Early: Apprentice of DR>Nightenale model
  • Later: prereqs at CC 2-3 yrs
    • live in dorms, cerfew, “HM”
  • Clinical>Theory
37
Q

What book encouraged girls to join nursing during WW2?

A

Cherry Ames, SN by Helen Wells

38
Q

Who proposed an AA?

A
  • Mildred Montag
  • WW2 to cover shortage
  • temp fix until BSN students ready
39
Q

What are characteristics of a BSN?

A
  • Needed to be called PROFESSION
  • LT prof. adv.
  • prepares for grad programs/ adv. practice
  • slow growth
40
Q

What are requirements for licensure?

A
  • grad from approved program
  • NCLEX: Natl Council Licensure EXamination
  • app, fees, fingerprinting, photo
41
Q

What did Aiken (2003) reveal?

A

showed direct correlation between high levels of education & better pt outcomes

42
Q

What did U of Penn (2012) reveal?

A

correlation between BSN & lower post op mortality

43
Q

What did ACA do to foster academic progression?

A
  • authorized funding for loan repayment
  • $5 billion for NP edu
  • no caps for grants for PhD
44
Q

What is the BSN in 10?

A
  • NY, NJ, RI
  • RN’s not practicing yet must obtain BSN by 10 yrs of licensure
45
Q

What are some of the influences on BSN edu?

A
  • Brown Report
  • ANA Position Report
  • Goldmark Report
  • Mildren Montag
  • Institute of Medicine Report (IOM)
46
Q

What was the Goldmark Report (1922)?

A
  • Pushed for University based nursing programs
  • launched “professionals or technicians”
47
Q

What was the Brown Report (1948)?

A
  • Recommended SON be in colleges/universities
  • effort to gain Men/Minorities
48
Q

What is the Nursing Training Act of 1964?

A
  • poured nearly $300 mil into nursing edu, especially collegiate
  • most significant milestone in nsg edu
49
Q

What is the ANA’s position paper (1965)?

A
  • min BSN to be an RN
  • new license/title for AA, (RAN)
  • remove diploma schools
50
Q

What is the 2010 IOM report?

A

Calls for increasing # of BSN nurses to 80% and doubling DR. of RN by 2020

51
Q

What are Certified Nurse Midwives?

A
  • RN’s in Midwifery program
  • deliver babies, family planning, ob/gyn care
  • less anesthesia, induced labor, fetal monitoring
52
Q

What is a DNP and PhD?

A
  • DNP: Practice oriented or clinical doctorate
  • PhD: research oriented degree
53
Q

What are the new ways nursing student receive funding under Obama’s new workforce development program?

A
  • Workforce Diversity Grants (minority, disadvantaged)
  • Nurse Students Service Corp (repay loans when work in shortage area)
  • Comprehensive Geriatric Ed. Grant (when work w/ elderly)
54
Q

What are the continuing edu requirements for licensure renewa;?

A
  • 30 hours q 2 yrs
  • provider must be recognized by BRN
55
Q

What is medical informatics (1950)?

A
  • tools of information technology
  • collect, store, process info
  • communication of health
  • EX: medical record management, pt safety, drug admin, results reporting,
  • sharing of info between providers and allied health
  • the science that studies the structure and general properties of scientific info & the laws of all processes of sci communication
56
Q

What did Connie Settlemeyer do?

A

designed idea of computer assisted instruction for nursing students charting using SOAP notes

57
Q

How were computers 1st introduced into HC?

A
  • 1971 El Camino + Lockheed install Medical Info System (MIS)
  • soon after used for business and inventory management, cardiac lab/icu monitoring, and calcuations
58
Q

What are some Informatics Prof. Org?

A
  • IMIA, AMIA, ANIA -Informatics Assoc.
    • International, American Medical, American Nursing
  • Nursing Info. Group
  • HIMSS: HC Info & Management Systems Society
  • ANA
59
Q

What is the ANA’s definition of informatics in nursing?

A
  • specialty that integrates nursing sci, comp sci, and info sci, to manage and communicate data, info, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice
60
Q

What does the ACE star model provide?

A

a framework for converting research knowledge into a form that has utility in the clinical decision making process

61
Q

Discovery Research

A

Knowledge is in the form of results from single research studies.

62
Q

Evidence Summary

A

Evidence summaries include evidence synthesis, systematic reviews, integrative reviews and reviews of literature

63
Q

What is the AHRQ?

A
  • Agency for Healthcare Research Quality
  • provides sharing of what works along w/ evidence to back up innovation
64
Q

Differences between EMR & EHR?

A
  • EMR
    • snapshot of pt encounter integrated w/ other systems
    • med admin/barcode
    • clinical documentation
    • lab, radiology, PT, nutrition
  • EHR
    • electronic record of health related info on an individual
    • >1 health care organization
    • active problem lists
    • measures to support health status
    • clinical decision info
    • confidentiality
    • facilitates clincal problem solving
65
Q

What is QSEN and what are th 6 essentials?

A
  • defines knowledge and skills and attitudes necessary for the domain of informatics
  1. patient-centered care
  2. teamwork and collaboration
  3. evidence-based practice
  4. quality improvement
  5. safety
  6. informatics
66
Q

Definition of Statutory Law

A
  • Written law passed by legislature on the state or federal level
  • Nurses must abide because we are licensed by state
67
Q

Def of Common Law

A

Laws evolved from decisions of previous cases that form a precedent

68
Q

What is a tort?

A
  • Wrongful act against a person or his/her property
69
Q

What is the Nurse Practice Act?

A

Outlines scope of practice and responsibilities for RN’s w/n ea state

70
Q

What is the Patient Self Determination Act?

A

Requires hospitals, nursing homes, and hospice providers to provide info about adv health care directives upon admission (LIVING WILL)

71
Q

What are some tasks you cannot delegate to UAP?

A
  • meds
  • tube/parenteral tube feedings
  • tracheal suctioning, NG tube, catheters
  • assessments
  • education
72
Q

What is the Nuremburg Code?

A
  • From unethical medical experiments by Nazi Drs
  • 1947
  • Voluntary consent
73
Q

What is the declaration of Helsinki?

A
  • 1964 Finland
  • World Med Association
  • built on Nuremburg Code
74
Q

What is the Willbrook Study?

A
  • Mentally disabled children NY
  • received IM dose of Hep B
    • Prior: Subjects fed extracts of infected stool
75
Q

What is the Nursing Process?

A
  1. Define Problem
  2. Review literature
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Select design
  5. Implement
  6. Draw Conclusions
  7. Discuss Implications
  8. Dissemination of findings
76
Q

What is QuaNtitative Research?

A
  • systemic, objective, measurable
  • usually randomized, control, LARGE sample
77
Q

What is quaLitative research?

A
  • Subjective, descriptive
  • natural setting, not controlled, fewer sample
  • no accurate measurement
  • EX: interviews
78
Q

What is IOM?

A
  • Institute of Med
  • independent, nonprofit, outside gov
  • provides unbiased, authoritative advice to decision makers/public
79
Q

What terms are you allowed to use when referring to the impaired?

A
  • deaf
  • deaf-blind
  • oral deaf
  • HOH
  • late deafend
80
Q

Why do the blind have sleep disturbances?

A
  • Don’t see light so circadium rhythym is off
  • non-24
81
Q
A

N111 (2 decks)

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