MT Laws & Ethics Flashcards
Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969; June 21, 1969
RA 5527
Blood Banking Law of 1956; June 16, 1956
RA 1517
PRC Laws: ___
▪ Approved on June 22, 1973
▪ Creating the professional regulation commission and prescribing its powers and functions; A ___ Commission to be known as the Professional Regulation Commission which shall be attached to the Office of the President
▪ On September 11, 2006, as supplemented by Executive Order No. 565-A, PRC was attached to the _____
▪ Commission shall be headed by one full time Commissioner and two full time Associate Commissioners
▪ Names of the various Boards shall be changed by the Commission by deleting the word “Examiners.”
▪ Transferring of Boards from _____ to PRC
Presidential Decree No. 223
three-man
DOLE
CSC
____
▪ PRC Modernization Act of 2000
▪ Approved on ___
▪ An act modernizing the Professional Regulation Commission, repealing for the purpose PD 223
▪ Commission shall be headed by one full-time Chairperson and two full-time Commissioners, all to be appointed by the President
▪ Implementation of full computerization of the operations
▪ To submit and recommend to the President of the Philippines the names of licensed/registered professionals for appointment as members of the variousProfessional Regulatory Boards from among those nominated to fill upvacancies pursuant to the provisions of Executive Order No. 496, Series of 1991
▪ To monitor the performance of schools in licensure examinations and publish the results
Republic Act No. 8981
December 05, 2000
makes the law (RA)
- congress, senate, house of rep
Legislative
carries out the law
- office of the pres
Executive
evaluates law
- supreme court
Judicial
CHED Laws
Republic Act No. 7722
▪ ___
▪ Approved on May 18, 1994
▪ An act creating the Commission on Higher Education
▪ Commission shall be headed by a __ and __
▪ The Commission shall organize technical panel for different program areas. That shall assist in setting standards and in program and institution monitoring and evaluation
Higher Education Act of 1994
Chairman and four commissioners
___
▪ Policies, Standards and Guidelines for Medical Technology Education
▪ The second semester of the fourth year level is the internship program of ________in an accredited training laboratory with rotational duties in different sections
CMO 14 s. 2006
6 months
___
▪ Policies, Standards and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science (BSMT/MLS) Program
▪ Internship program of _______ during the fourth year level
CMO 13 s. 2017
12 months
RA ___; Approved on August ___
Amended sections: __
6138;
31, 1970
16, 21, 22
PD 498
Approved on __
Amended sections:__
June 28, 1974
2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 21, 29
Approved on __
Amended sections: 3, 8, 11, 13
PD 1534
June 11, 1978
Republic Act No. 5527
Section 1. Title - __
Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
Section 2. __
Presidential Decree No. 498
a. Practice of Medical Technology - A person shall be deemed to be in the practice of medical technology within the meaning of this Act, who shall for a fee, salary or other compensation or reward paid or given directly or indirectly through another, renders any of the following professional services for the purpose of aiding the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of diseases and in the promotion of health in general:
1. Examination of tissues, secretions and excretions of the human body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, hematologic, serologic, immunologic, nuclear, and other laboratory procedures and techniques either manual or automated;
2. Blood banking procedures and techniques;
3. Parasitologic, Mycologic, and Microbiologic procedures and techniques;
4. Histopathologic and Cytotechnology; provided that nothing in this
paragraph shall inhibit a duly registered medical laboratory technician from performing histopathologic techniques and procedures.
5. Clinical research involving patients or human beings requiring the use of and/or application of medical technology knowledge and procedures;
6. Preparations and standardization of reagents, standards, stains and others, provided such reagents, standards, stains and others are exclusively for the use of their laboratory;
7. Clinical laboratory quality control;
8. Collection and preservation of specimens;
Definition of Terms
Medical Technologist - A person who engages in the work of medical technology under the supervision of a pathologist or ___________ authorized by the Department of Health in places where there is no pathologist
___ - A person certified and registered with the Board as qualified to assist a medical technologist and/or qualified pathologist in the practice of medical technology
___ - A clinical laboratory, office, agency, clinic, hospital or sanitarium duly approved by the Department of Health or its authorized agency
___ - Any school, college, or university which offers a course in Medical Technology approved by the Department of Education in accordance with the requirements under this Act, upon recommendation of the council
licensed physician
Medical Laboratory Technicians
Accredited Medical Technology Training Laboratory
Recognized School of Medical Technology
__
▪ States the specific profession, careers, occupations or trades that MT/MLS graduates may go into
__
▪ States the specific professions/careers/occupations for graduates with additional allied medical fields from the last CMO
CMO 14 s. 2006
CMO 13 s. 2017
Section 3. ___
___: Secretary of Education or Director of Private Education
Vice chairman: Director of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories of the DOH
___: Chairman and two members of the Board of Medical Technology, the dean of the Institute of Hygiene of the UP, a representative of the deans or heads of the privat schools of medical technology, and the presidents of the PAMET and PSP
Council of Medical Technology Education, Its Composition.
Chairman
Members
Chairman: Commissioner of the PRC
Vice chairman: Chairman of the Board of
Medical Technology
Members: 2 members of the Board of
Medical Technology
Director of Private Education
Director of BRL
Representative of the deans
PD 498
Chairman: Director of Higher Education
Vice chairman: Chairman of the PRC
Members: Chairman and 2 members of
the Board of Medical Technology
Director of BRL
Representative of the deans
Presidents of PAMET and PSP
PD 1534
___. Compensation and Traveling Expenses of Council Members
Section 5. ___
a. To recommend the minimum required curriculum for the course of medical technology
b. To determine and prescribe the number of students to be allowed to take up the medical technology course in each school, taking into account the student-instructor ratio and the availability of facilities for instruction
c. To approve medical technology schools meeting the requirements and recommend closure of those found to be substandard
d. To require all medical technology schools to submit an annual report
e. To inspect, when necessary, the different medical technology schools in the country in order to determine whether a high standard of education is maintained in said institutions
f. To certify for admission into an undergraduate internship students who have satisfactorily completed three years of the medical technology course or its equivalent and to collect from said students the amount of five pesos each which money accrue to the operating fund of the council
g. Formulate and recommend approval of refresher course for applicants who shall have failed the Board Examination for the third time
h. To promulgate and prescribe and enforce necessary rules and regulations for the proper implementation of the foregoing functions
Section 4
Functions of the Council of Medical Technology Education
___
Powers and Functions of CHED
▪ Set minimum standards for programs and institutions of higher learning recommended by panels of experts
▪ Monitor and evaluate the performance of programs and institutions of higher learning for appropriate incentives as well as the imposition of sanctions
Republic Act No. 7722
CMO 13 s. 2017
___: Warning; Joint CHED-PRC monitoring visit in 1 year
___: Probation; Joint CHED-PRC monitoring visit in 6 months
___: Phase out of program; Stop admissions with gradual phase out
30%
21-29%
≤20%
___:
The medical technology course shall be at least four years, including a 12-month satisfactory internship in accredited laboratories
CMO 14 s. 2006
▪ The second semester of the fourth year level is the internship program of six months in an accredited training laboratory with rotational duties in different sections
▪ The interns shall be required to have a total of 40 hours per week of duty to complete a total of 1,080 hours in 27 weeks
CMO 13 s. 2017
▪ Internship program of 12 months/1 year during the fourth year level
▪ The interns should render 32 internship duty hours per week for 52 weeks for a total of ___
Section 6. Minimum Required Course
1664 hours
___
Chairman: Pathologist
Members: 2 RMTs
▪ Appointed by the President of the Philippines from a list submitted by the PSP and PAMET
Presidential Decree No. 498
▪ Appointed by the President of the Republic of the Philippines upon
recommendation of the PRC Executive Order 496 s. 1991
▪ Committee on Nominations. – Composed of the 5 immediate past national presidents of the organization. The most recent past president shall serve as Chairman of the Committee
▪ If there’s no sufficient member of past presidents, Board of Directors selected by the Board members themselves shall serve in the Committee Current Composition of Professional Regulatory
Board of Medical Technology:
Chairman: ___
Member: ____ & ____
▪ Chairman and members of the Board shall hold office for ___ after appointments or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly qualified
Section 7. Medical Technology Board
Dr. Marilyn A. Cabal-Barza
Dr. Leila Lany M. Florento and Hon. Ma. Lourdes T. Gatbonton
3 years
____
✓ Filipino citizen
✓ Of good moral character
✓ Qualified Pathologist, or a duly registered medical technologist of the Philippines with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene/Public Health
✓ Has been in practice of laboratory medicine or medical technology for at least _________ prior to his appointment
✓ Not a member of the faculty of any medical technology school for at least ________
Executive Order 496 s. 1991: Disqualifications
▪ Those who have already completed at least two (2) terms in the professional regulatory Board
▪ Those who are incumbent national officers (President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and Press Relations Officer or their equivalent positions) of the organization
▪ Those who directly or indirectly solicit and use influence in seeking their nominations
Section 8. Qualifications of Examiners
10 years
2 years
section and title? ___
▪ The Commissioner of Civil Service shall be the Executive Officer of the Board
Republic Act No. 8981
▪ The PRC Chairperson shall act as the presiding and chief executive officer of the commission
Section 9. Executive Officer of the Board
Section 10. ___
Section 11. Functions and Duties of the Board
Presidential Decree No. 498:
a. Administer the provisions of this Act
b. Administer oaths
c. Issue, suspend and revoke certificates of registration
e. Investigate such violations of this Act or of the rules and regulations
f. Draft such rules and regulations
g. To determine the adequacy of the technical staff of all clinical laboratories and blood banks
h. To prescribe the qualifications and training of medical technologists as to special fields
i. To classify and prescribe the qualification and training of the technical staff of clinical laboratories as to: Medical Technology; Medical Technologist; Senior Medical Technologist; Medical Technologist and Medical Laboratory Technician
Republic Act No. 8981
▪ Recommend registration without examination and the issuance of
corresponding COR and PIC
▪ To prepare, adopt and issue the syllabi or tables of specifications of the subjects for examinations in consultation with the academe; determine and prepare the questions for the licensure examinations which shall strictly be within the scope of the syllabus or table of specifications of the subject for examination
Compensation of Members of the Board of Examiners for Medical Technology
___
✓ Any member of the Board may be removed by the President of the Philippines for (5)
Section 12. Removal of Board Members
* Malpractice
* Incompetency
* Neglect of duty
* Dishonorable conduct
* Unprofessional/Unethical/Immoral conduct
Section 13. ___
Schools: Department of Education
Training laboratories: Department of Health or its authorized agency shall upon recommendation of the Council of Medical Technology Education
Presidential Decree No. 498 Presidential Decree No. 1534
Schools: Department of Education upon recommendation of the Board
Training laboratories: PRC upon the recommendation of the Board
Schools: Department of Education and culture in conjunction with the Board
Training laboratories: DOH through the BRL in conjunction with the Board
CMO 13 s. 2017
✓ All private higher education institutions intending to offer BS Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science must first secure proper authority from _________
Administrative Order No. 11 s. 2007
✓ Transfer of responsibility of handling the accreditation of clinical laboratories for the training of Medical Technology from DOH to __________
Accreditation of Schools of Medical Technology and of Training Laboratories
CHED
CHED
____: Inhibition Against the Practice of Medical Technology
No person shall practice or offer to practice medical technology as defined in this Act without having previously obtained a valid certificate of registration from the Board, except:
✓ Duly registered physicians
✓ Medical technologist from other countries called in for consultation or as visiting or exchange professors to colleges or universities
✓ Medical technologists in the service of the United States Armed Forces stationed in the Philippines rendering services as such for members of the said forces only
Section 14
Section 15. __
✓ Given by the Board annually in the greater Manila area, Cebu, and Davao during the month of August or September on such days and places as the Board may designate
Republic Act No. 8981
✓ Conduct more than 1 licensure examination, provided, That, when there are 2 or more examinations given in a year, at least 1 examination shall be held on weekdays
Examination
____
✓ Is in good health and is of good moral character
✓ Has completed a course of at least four (4) years leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology or Bachelor of Science in Public Health conferred by a recognized school, college or university in accordance with this Decree or having graduated from some other profession and has been actually performing medical technology for the last five (5) years prior to the date of the examinations, if such performance began prior to June 21, 1969
New Requirements for MTLE
▪ Degree requirement: BS Medical Technology, BS Public Health, or BS Medical Laboratory Science
▪ Documentary requirements:
✓ PSA-issued birth certificate
✓ PSA-issued marriage contract/certificate (for married female
applicants)
✓ Transcript of Records with scanned picture and remarks “For Board Examination Purposes”
▪ Additional requirements for repeaters who failed 3x:
✓ Certificate of completion of 12 months refresher course issued by the institution OR
✓ Certificate of attendance in accredited training laboratory signed by the Head of the laboratory, stating the he/she has completed the rotation in the different sections indicating the length of training
Section 16. Qualification for Examination
Section 17. ___
Presidential Decree No. 498
▪ The Board shall prepare the schedule of subjects for examination and to submit the same to the Commissioner of the Professional Regulation Commission for publication at least ___ before the date of examination
▪ The Board may change, add to or remove from the list of subjects or weights above as progress in the science of Medical Technology may require, subject to the prior approval of the Professional Regulation Commission, and publication of the change or amendment at least _________ prior to the date of examination
Scope of Examination
thirty (30) days
3 months
Section 18. __
▪ Submit the results in all subjects duly signed by the members of the Board to the Commission within 10 days from the last day of examination unless extended by the Commission for justifiable cause/s
Section 19. ___
✓ A general average of at least __
✓ With no rating below 50% in any of the __
✓ Has not failed in at least __ of the subjects computed according to their relative weights
Report of Rating
Rating in the Examination
75%
major subjects
60%
___
▪ All successful examinees shall be required to take a professional oath before the Board or before any person authorized to administer oaths prior to entering upon the practice of medical technology in the Philippines
___
▪ No such certificate shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not attained the age of _________
▪ The duly registered medical technologists shall be required to display his certificate of registration in the place where he works
Presidential Decree No. 498
▪ All certificate shall be signed by the members of the Board and by the Commissioner of the Professional Regulation Commission
▪ The Board shall likewise issue a COR as medical laboratory technician to any person who:
✓ He or she passed the civil service examination for medical technician
✓ Has finished a 2-year college course and has at least 1 year of
experience as medical laboratory technician
✓ Has failed to pass the board examination for medical technology but had obtained a general rating of at least __
Board Resolution 11 s. 2011
▪ Only examinees who obtained a general average of at least ____ but lower than ____ are qualified to apply for registration without examination as medical laboratory technicians
Section 20. Oath Taking
Section 21. Issuance of Certificate of Registration
21
70%
70%
75%
Section 22. __
Section 23. __
▪ The Board shall refuse to issue a certificate of registration to any person convicted by the court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude, or any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or of unsound mind, or incurable communicable disease
Fees
Refusal to issue Certificate
Section 24. ___
▪ Conducted by at least ___ members of the Board with ___ legal officer
▪ Suspension of COR/Reprimand – requires ___ votes from the members
▪ Revocation of COR – requires ___ votes from the members
▪ COR to be surrendered within __; inexcusable failure to do so is unpunishable with perpetual disqualification
Republic Act No. 8981
▪ The Board shall delegate the hearing or investigation of administrative cases except in cases where the issue of question involved strictly concerns the practice of the profession, in which case, the hearing shall be presided over by at least ___ member of
Administrative Investigation
2; 1
2
3
30 days
1
___
▪ The revocation or suspension of a certificate made by the Board shall be subject to appeal to the Civil Service Commissioner whose decision shall become final 30 days after its promulgation, unless the respondent within the same period has appealed to the office of the President of the Philippines
Republic Act No. 8981
▪ The _____ shall conduct, through the Legal Officers of the Commission, summary proceedings and render summary judgment thereon which shall become final and executory 15 days from the receipt of notice of judgment or decision, unless appealed to _____
Section 25. Appeal
board; PRC
Section 26. __
▪ The suspension of COR shall not exceed ___ and shall automatically lifted upon the expiration of the period of suspension
Section 27. ___
▪ No foreigner shall be admitted to examination, or be given a certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges under this Act, unless the country or state of which he is a subject or citizen permits Filipino Medical Technologist to practice within its territorial limits on the same as the subject or citizens of said country or state
Section 28. ___
▪ A roster of Medical Technologist shall be prepared annually by the
_______
▪ This roster shall contain the name, address and citizenship of each registered Medical Technologist, date of registration or issuance of certificate
Reinstatement, Reissue or Replacement of Certificate
2 years
Foreign Reciprocity
Roster of Medical Technologist
secretary of the board
Section 29. __
▪ Fine, imprisonment, or both in the discretion of the court
Section 30. __
▪ All acts, executive, rules and regulations, or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions to any persons or circumstances is declare invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Act shall not be affected
Section 31. __
▪ All acts, executive, rules and regulations, or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed:
Section 32. __
Penal Provisions
Separability Clause
Repealing Clause
Effectivity
Republic Act No. 10912: ___
▪ Lapsed into law on July 21, 2016
▪ CPD refers to the inculcation of advanced knowledge, skills and ethical values in a post-licensure specialization or in an inter- or multidisciplinary field of study, for assimilation into professional practice, self-directed research and/or lifelong learning
CPD Council:
○ Chairman: Member of the Professional Regulatory Board
○ First member: President or officer of the APO
○ Second member: President or officer of the national organization of deans or department chairpersons of schools, colleges or universities
Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016
▪ ___ – evidence of the authority of its holder to practice the profession, together with all the rights and privileges incidental thereto.
▪ ___ – bears the name, registration number, date of
issuance, and expiry, duly signed by the ______________
▪ Registered and licensed professionals shall complete the required credit units every ________
▪ Accreditation of CPD providers validity is 3 years
▪ Credit units required: RMTs ____; MLTs ____
Certificate of Registration
Professional Identification Card; PRC Chairperson
3 years
45; 30
Nature of CPD Programs:
a. ___ - refers to educational arrangement
b. ___ - refers to learning that has been acquired in addition or alternatively to formal learning
c. ___ - refers to learning that occurs in daily life assessed, through the recognition, validation and accreditation process
d. ___ - refers to learning activities such as online training, local/ international seminars/nondegree courses, institution/company-sponsored training programs
e. Online learning activities - refer to structured or unstructured learning initiatives, which make use of the internet and other web-based Information
f. Professional work experience
Formal learning
Nonformal learning
Informal learning
Self-directed learning
PRC Resolution 1146 s. 2019
▪ ___ shall not be covered by the CPD requirement
▪ Newly licensed professionals shall not be covered by the CPD requirement for the first renewal cycle after obtaining their license
▪ CPD council shall reduce the required CUs to a minimum of __
Memorandum Order No. 98 s 2023
▪ Transition period for the compliance of the Continuing Professional
Development (CPD) requirement
▪ Non-acceptance of CPD undertaking starting January 1, 2024
Professional overseas
15
Republic Act No. 10968
▪ ___
▪ Approved on January 16, 2018
▪ A PQF shall be established which shall describe the levels of educational qualifications and sets the standards for qualification outcomes
▪ It is a quality assured national system for the development, recognition and award of qualifications based on standards of knowledge, skills and values acquired in different ways and methods by learners and workers of the country
▪ Lead agencies: _____________________________________
Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF) Act
DepEd, CHED, TESDA, PRC, DOLE
Republic Act No. 4688
▪ ___
▪ Approved on June 18, 1966
▪ The Secretary of Health, through the Bureau of Research and Laboratories shall be charged with the responsibility of strictly enforcing the provisions of this Act
____
▪ New Rules and Regulations Governing the Regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines
▪ These rules and regulations shall serve as new guidelines in the licensing of diagnostic clinical laboratories
Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966
Administrative Order No. 2021-0037
Classification of Clinical Laboratories: BY OWNERSHIP
___: National or local government
___: Individual, corporation, association, or organization
government
private
Classification of Clinical Laboratories: BY INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER
___: Within the premises or part of a DOH-licensed health facility
___: Operates independently
Institution-based Laboratory
Non-institution-based Laboratory
Classification of Clinical Laboratories: BY FUNCTION
___: Deals with the chemical and cellular analyses of blood and other body fluids
___: Provides processing and examination of surgical specimens as to the physical appearance and microscopic structure of tissues
___: Deals with the analysis of certain genes, proteins and other molecules
Clinical Pathology
Anatomic Pathology
Molecular Pathology
Classification of Clinical Laboratories: BY SERVICE CAPABILITY
a. Clinical Laboratory for Clinical and Anatomic Pathology:
___: 8 without Micro; 9 for government facilities
___: Primary services plus Serum electrolytes, ALT, AST, *Coagulation (PT/PTT), Gram stain, KOJ, Pap smear; MIN PERSONNEL: 12
___: Secondary services plus other chemistry tests, *ABG, Machine-based serological tests, *Cytology and histopathology; 12 without Histopath; 13 for hospital-based with Histopath
___: 1 or 2 specialized tests not classified under Anatomic or Molecular Pathology, DOH program-related tests; No specified # of personnel
b. Clinical Laboratory for Anatomic Pathology only – provides services for Cytology and Histopathology
b. Clinical Laboratory for Anatomic Pathology only – provides services for Cytology and Histopathology
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Limited
Procedural Guidelines
1. Permit to Construct - ___ shall be required for construction of new Clinical Laboratory and for renovation or expansion of existing CL, including change in ownership and transfer of location
2. License to Operate – ___ shall be secured from the DOH regulatory office: Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Bureau or Center for Health Development-Regulations, Licensing, and Enforcement Division; Validity:___
3. COR for CL that is operated and maintained exclusively for research and teaching purposes shall be required to register with the DOH-HFSRB every ___ years
4. DOH designated NRL shall be covered by the license of the CL of the hospital where they are affiliated with
DOH-PTC
DOH-LTO; 1 yr
3 yrs
___ - a laboratory testing unit capable of performing limited CL diagnostic procedures
___ - refers to an extension of the main CL located within
the facility’s compound or premises
___ - refers to a doctor’s office/clinic wherein CL examinations are performed for the purpose of monitoring the doctor’s patients only, wherein NO official results shall be issued
___ - the highest level of laboratory in the country performing highly complex procedures
Mobile Clinical Laboratory
Satellite Clinical Laboratory
Physician’s Office Laboratory
National Reference Laboratory
Licensing Standards for Clinical Laboratory:
a. Personnel
1. ___ - shall visit once a month and at least twice a week of supervisory calls and/or videoconferencing OR at least once a week physical visit. For hospital-based DOH licensed CL, it shall be once a week physical visit
2. Registered Medical Technologists - adequate number of full-time RMTSs to conduct the laboratory procedures, including those assigned in MCL. There shall be a designated Biosafety and Biosecurity Officer in-charge primarily of the risk assessment of the DOH licensed CL
3. ___ - adequate number of support staff such as, but not limited to laboratory technician, laboratory aide, encoders, and receptionists
4. POCT coordinator – if applicable
5. POCT operator – if applicable
6. ___ – own set of RMTS and support staff
Head of the laboratory
Support staff
MCL personnel
b. Quality Improvement
1. Internal Quality Assurance Program
2. External Quality Assessment Program
c. Information Management
1. Laboratory reports - All laboratory reports on various examinations of specimens shall bear the ___ of the registered medical technologist(s) who performed the laboratory examinations, and the pathologist
2. Use of digital signature - shall be permitted only if properly authenticated by the Department of Information and Communication-Philippine National Public Key Infrastructure
d. Environmental Management
name, PRC registration number, and original signature
Administrative Order
▪ Guidelines in Securing a License to Operate a COVID-19 Testing Laboratory in the Philippines
Classification of COVID-19 testing laboratories
Ownership: Government or Private
Institutional Character: Hospital-based or Non-hospital-based
AO No. 2020-0014
▪ COVID-19 laboratories performing rRT-PCR
✓ Minimum number of personnel is ___
✓ 1 Board certified Clinical Pathologist
✓ 3 Analysts – either 3 RMTs or 2 RMTS and any allied health professional
✓ 1 Laboratory aide
✓ 1 Receptionist
✓ 1 Encoder
▪ COVID-19 laboratories using cartridge-based technology
✓ Minimum number of personnel is ___
✓ 1 Board certified Clinical Pathologist
✓ 1 RMT as analyst per 8-hour shift for every 2 machines
✓ 1 Laboratory aide per 8-hour shift for every 4 machines
✓ 1 full-time encoder per 8-hour shift for every 4 machines
▪ Laboratory staff shall:
✓ Have trainings on the fundamentals of Biosafety and Biosecurity and Molecular Diagnostics
✓ Undergo fit testing for respirator with at least 95% efficiency
✓ Have an annual medical examination including influenza vaccination
▪ COVID-19 should pass the NEQAS given by the _____
▪ Results shall be signed by the RMT who performed the test, verified by a Senior RMT, and approved by the Pathologist prior to release
▪ DOH-LTO for both hospital-based and non-hospital-based COVID-19 testing laboratory shall be valid for ___ year
7
4
RITM
1 yr
Republic Act No. ___
▪ Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act
Department Order 393-E s. 2000
▪ Created the ___
Department Order 820 s. 2020
▪ Institutionalizing and Strengthening the National Reference Laboratories in thePhilippines
11332
National Reference Laboratories
NRLs:
Microbiology and Parasitology
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, Syphilis, and STDs
Environmental and Occupational Health, Toxicology, Micronutrient assay, Industrial and Chemical Emergencies
Hematology, Immunohematology, Immunopathology, Automated Urinalysis, Anatomic Pathology for Renal Disease, Cellular-based Product testing
Clinical Chemistry, Anatomic Pathology for Pulmonary and Pleural Diseases
Anatomic Pathology for Cardiac Diseases, Cardiac Markers
RITM
SLH-SACCL
EAMC
NKTI
LCP
PHC
Roles and Responsibilities of NRLs
▪ Referral services, e.g., for confirmatory testing, surveillance, outbreak response, and research
▪ EQAP/NEQAS to assess the quality of performance and test results of clinical laboratories in collaboration with the Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Bureau
▪ Training to upgrade knowledge and improve the skills of laboratory personnel
▪ Evaluate IVDMD to include reagents in collaboration with the _____
▪ Surveillance systems to provide critical inputs as guide to DOH policies and stakeholders’ response activities
▪ Technical assistance to the DOH, other government agencies, private sector and international partners, as the need arises
FDA
Republic Act No. 7719
▪ ___
▪ Approved on May 5, 1994
▪ An act promoting voluntary blood donation, providing for an adequate supply of safe blood, regulating blood banks, and providing penalties for violation thereof
▪ Commercial blood bank – a blood bank that exists for profit
▪ ___ – one who donates blood on one’s own volition or initiative and without monetary compensation
▪ ___ – an individual included in the list of qualified voluntary blood donors who is ready to donate blood when needed in his/her community
National Blood Services Act of 1994
Voluntary blood donor
Walking Blood Donor
Administrative Order No. 2008-0008
▪ Rules and regulations governing the regulation of blood service facilities
Classification of Blood Service Facilities: Service Capability
___: Provision of whole blood and packed red cells; Storage, issuance, transport and distribution of whole blood and packed red cells*
Compatibility testing of red cell units
Blood Station
Classification of Blood Service Facilities: Service Capability
Recruitment, retention, and care of donors
Screening and selection of donors**
Conduct of health education and counseling services
Collection of blood from donors**
Transport of blood to BC for testing and processing
Compatibility testing of red cell units
Blood Collection Unit
Classification of Blood Service Facilities: Service Capability
Storage and issuance of whole blood and blood components obtained from a BC
Compatibility testing of red cell units
Direct Coombs Test**
Red cell antibody screening**
Investigation of transfusion reactions**
Assist the HBTC in the conduct of post-transfusion surveillance
Blood Bank
Classification of Blood Service Facilities: Service Capability
Recruitment, retention and care of donors
Conduct health education and counselling
Collection of blood from donors
Processing and provision of blood components**
Storage, issuance, transport and distribution of units of whole
blood and/or blood products
Testing of units of blood for TTIs**
Blood Center
Administrative Order No. 2008-0008a
▪ Blood banks of ___ private and government hospitals may continue blood collection, blood testing, and component processing License to Operate
▪ Hospital based BBs, BCUs, BS shall be licensed or authorized to operate through the __ for Hospitals and are therefore not required to obtain a separate LTO or ATO
▪ The LTO/ATO must be displayed at all times at a prominent place within the premises
▪ The LTO/ATO shall be renewed every ___ years. All hospitals BSF shall renew their LTO/ATO annually as part of the One-Stop-Shop licensure for hospitals
Water Analysis Laws
Administrative Order No. 2020-0031
✓ Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Accreditation of Laboratories for Drinking Water Analysis
Level 3 and 4
One-Stop-Shop Licensure
3 YRS
Classification of LDWA: Service Capability
Microbiological Total coliform, thermotolerant coliforms/E. coli, and HPC
A
Classification of LDWA: Service Capability
Physico-Chemical Lead, Nitrate, Arsenic, Cadmium, color, turbidity, disinfectant residual, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
B
Classification of LDWA: Service Capability
Microbiological-Physico-Chemical;
Offers services both Category A and B
C
Classification of LDWA: Minimum Workspace
A: __; For sterile room and media preparation area
20m²
Classification of LDWA: Minimum Workspace
B; __; For wet chemistry area, ICP/AAS room, Spectrophotometer room, and chemical storage room
50 m²
Classification of LDWA: Minimum Workspace
C; __; For sterile room and media preparation area, wet chemistry area, ICP/AAS room, Spectrophotometer room, and chemical storage room
70 m²
Classification of LDWA: Personnel
✓ ___ - a competent and experienced professional, with a specialized skill set related to and proportionate to the laboratory category
✓ ___ - NRL-EOHTM trained, at least ___ years of experience in water testing procedures
▪ The DOH-COA is valid for ___
Headship
Analysts; 2
3 YEARS
Administrative Order No. 2017-0010
▪ ___
▪ When E. coli/Thermotolerant Coliform is present in water, a sanitary survey shall be conducted within 24 hours to determine the cause of contamination which include resampling
▪ The drinking-water service provider shall issue an advisory to _________ or other household water treatment options, or provide an alternative drinking-water supply
▪ In case of exceedance of standard values of physical and chemical parameters, monitoring shall be carried out for the next ____ consecutive months wherein all results must comply with the standards
The Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
BOIL
3
Republic Act No. 9288
▪ __
▪ Approved on April 7, 2004
▪ Newborn screening reference center: __________
▪ Newborn screening shall be performed after ____ hours of life but not later than ____ days from complete delivery of the newborn
▪ A newborn that must be placed in intensive care in order to ensure survival may be exempted from the 3-day requirement but must be tested by ____ days of age
▪ Newborn Screening Panel of Disorders: (6)
Newborn Screening Act of 2004
UP-NIH
24; 3 days
7 days
✓ Congenital hypothyroidism
✓ Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
✓ Galactosemia
✓ G6PD Deficiency
✓ MSUD
✓ Phenylketonuria
Administrative Order No. 2012-0154
▪ Inclusion of _________ in newborn screening panel of disorders
▪ It appears to be the most common inborn error of metabolism in the Philippines
Administrative Order No. 0045-2014
▪ Expanded Newborn Screening Program
▪ 6 + 22 = 28
▪ Additional groups
✓ Cystic Fibrosis
✓ Biotinidase Deficiency
✓ Organic Acid Disorders
✓ Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders
✓ Amino Acid Disorders
✓ Urea Cycle Disorders
✓ Hemoglobin Disorders
Administrative Order No. 2020-0052
▪ Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the Expanded Newborn Screening Program
▪ Full coverage of the ENBS in the PhilHealth Newborn Care Package
▪ Establishment of the Centers for Human Genetics Services
MSUD
___
▪ Universal Health Care Act
▪ Approved on February 20, 2019
▪ It is the policy of the State to protect and promote the right to health of all Filipinos and instill health consciousness among them
▪ All health professionals and health care workers shall be guaranteed permanent employment and competitive salaries
▪ ___________ shall expand scholarship grants for allied and health-related undergraduate and graduate programs
▪ __________ shall set up a registry of medical and allied health professionals
Republic Act No. 11223
CHED & DOH
PRC & DOH
Republic Act No. 7170
▪ ___
▪ Approved on January 7, 1992
▪ ___ - a facility licensed, accredited or approved under the law for storage of human bodies or parts thereof
▪ ___ - a deceased individual, and includes a still-born infant or fetus
▪ ___- an individual authorized under this Act to donate all or part of the body of a decedent
▪ Person who may execute a legacy - any individual, at least 18 years of age and of sound mind, may give by way of legacy, to take effect after his death
▪ Person who may execute a donation - immediate family of the decedent in the following order: __
Organ Donation Act of 1991
Organ Bank Storage Facility
Decedent
Donor
✓ Spouse
✓ Son or daughter of legal age
✓ Either parent
✓ Brother or sister of legal age
✓ Guardian over the person of the decedent at the time of his death
Republic Act No. __
▪ An act to advance corneal transplantation in the Philippines, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7170
▪ Approved on February 20, 1995
▪ Physician, head or designated officer of the hospital, or the medico-legal officer of any government agency which has custody of such body may authorize the removal of the cornea or corneas of the decedent within ___ after death and upon the request of qualified legatees or donees for the sole purpose of transplantation
7885
12 hrs
Republic Act No. __
▪ Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
▪ Approved on June 7, 2002
▪ Repealed the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, Republic Act No. 6425
▪ __ - policy-making and strategy-formulating body
▪ __ - implementing arm of the Board
▪ __ – drug testing center of regulatory body
9165
Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
DOH-HFSRB
Dangerous Drugs Board Board Regulation No. 2 s. 2003
▪ Rules and regulations embodied herein shall apply to all government and private drug testing laboratories in the Philippines
Service Capability
___: A laboratory capable of performing screening tests
___: A laboratory capable of performing qualitative and quantitative examinations of dangerous drugs from the specimen
Screening Laboratory
Confirmatory Laboratory
Client/Donor of Drug Testing Laboratories
a. ___
✓ Applicants for driver’s license
✓ Applicants for firearm’s license
✓ Officers and members of the military, police and other law enforcers
✓ Persons charged before the prosecutor’s office with a criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of not less than 6 years and 1 day
✓ Candidates for public office whether appointee or elected both in the national or local government
✓ Persons apprehended or arrested for violating the provisions of this Act
b. ___
✓ Students of secondary and tertiary schools
✓ Officers and employees of public and private offices whether domestic or overseas
Mandatory Drug Testing
Random Drug Testing
Physical Plant: Floor Area vs Work Area
Screening Laboratory: ___ and ___
Confirmatory Laboratory: ___ and ___
20 m² and 10 m²
60 m² and 30 m²
Personnel
a. __
✓ Screening laboratory shall be headed by licensed physician with certification in Clinical Pathology from the Philippine Board of Pathology or certification in Clinical Laboratory Management Training
✓ Maximum number of screening laboratories a physician trained in Clinical Laboratory Management can handle is ___ within 5 kilometer radius
✓ Confirmatory laboratory shall be headed by a licensed physician certified in Clinical Pathology by the with at least ___ years of active laboratory experience in analytical toxicology or a licensed chemist with at least a Master’s Degree in Chemistry, Biochemistry or a branch of Chemistry and at least ___ years of active laboratory experience in analytical chemistry
b. __
✓ Screening Laboratory - Licensed chemist, medical technologist, pharmacist or chemical engineer with appropriate training
✓ Confirmatory Laboratory – Licensed chemist and either a medical technologist, pharmacist, or chemical engineer with appropriate training
c. __ – for screening laboratory only
Head of the Laboratory
10
2
2
Analyst
Authorized Specimen Collector
▪ ___ - refers to procedures to account for each specimen by tracking its handling and storage from point of collection to final disposal
▪ Storage of Laboratory Reports and Specimens
✓ Specimens with confirmed positive test results, which are not
challenged within ___ after receipt, shall be discarded
✓ Specimen may be kept for a maximum of ___ upon request
▪ Laboratory Report
✓ All test results shall bear the signature of the analyst and head of
laboratory
✓ Valid for ___ year period from the date of issue
▪ License to Operate
✓ Screening laboratory: _____
✓ Confirmatory laboratory: _____
Chain of Custody
15 days
1 yr
1 yr
1 yr
2 yrs
Republic Act No. __
▪ Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act
▪ Approved on December 20, 2018
▪ Repealed Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
▪ Philippine National AIDS Council - ensures the implementation of the country’s response to the HIV and AIDS situation
11166
PNAC Resolution No. 1 s. 2019
▪ Voluntary HIV Testing – written consent must be secured from the person taking the test or from the parent or legal guardian if the person mentally incapacitated or is below ___ years of age
▪ No need for parent/guardian’s consent if the child is:
✓ If the person is 15 to below 18 years of age
✓ Any young person age below 15 years, who is pregnant or engaged in high risk behavior
▪ Proper counselling – shall be conducted by a social worker, a health care provider, or other health care professional accredited by DOH or DSWD
▪ ___
✓ Persons charged with a serious and slight physical injuries, rape, or simple seduction
✓ Resolution of issues under “___”
✓ Blood and organ donors
▪ Confidentiality – only to the individual who submitted to the test or to the parent/guardian when applicable, except:
✓ Reportorial requirements of DOH
✓ Informing other health workers directly involved in the treatment or care of a PLHIV
✓ Responding to a subpoena issued by a court
15 yrs
Compulsory HIV Testing
The Family Code of the Philippines
Administrative Order No. ___
▪ Guidelines on the implementation of rapid HIV diagnostic algorithm (rHIVda)
▪ To provide implementation policies and guidelines for the use of rapid HIV diagnostic algorithm (rHIVda) as the new HIV confirmatory test in Certified rHIVda Confirmatory Laboratory (CrCL) facilities
▪ Reactive specimens from Non-CrCL (T0+) or CrCL specimens from walk-in clients shall be tested using combination of 3 Rapid Diagnostic Tests
▪ Interpretation of results
✓ HIV POSITIVE - T1+, T2+, T3+
✓ HIV NEGATIVE – T1- or repeat T1-
✓ HIV INONCLUSIVE - T0+, T1 or T1+, T2 or T1+, T2+, T3-
▪ All results shall be released to client during post-test counselling sessions
2019-0001
PAMET LOGO
▪ ___- symbolizes the continuous involvement where practice and education must always be integrated
▪ Triangle - trilogy of __, ___ and ___
▪ Microscope and Snake - symbolize the science of Medical Technology profession
▪ ___ - the color of health
▪ ___ - the year of establishment of the organization
Circle
love, respect and integrity
Green
1963
Four Principles of Medical Ethics
1. __ – respecting the decisions made by those capable of making decisions. It includes respecting the autonomy of people whose ability to make decisions is limited, e.g. by senility or illness
▪ ___ – patient’s authorization of a medical intervention or involvement in research * disclosure of information, understanding, voluntariness
▪ ___ – restriction of a person’s autonomy that must be duly justified with a sufficient reason
2. ___ – doing good or providing benefit
3. ___ – avoid doing harm, or minimize harm as much as possible if it is unavoidable
4. ___ – ensuring fairness and equity in the distribution of risks and benefits. This includes the idea of treating equals equally and recognizing relevant inequalities
○___: Failure to exercise due care or the level of care that a person of ordinary intelligence and good sense would exercise under given circumstances
○ ___: Type of negligence committed by a professional; Implies that a greater standard of care is owed to a person than the “reasonable person” standard associated with negligence
Autonomy
Informed consent
Paternalism
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
NEGLIGENCE
MALPRACTICE
Revised Code of Ethics
As I enter the practice of Medical Technology, I shall:
▪ Accept the _____________ inherent to being a professional. Uphold the dignity and respect of my profession and conduct myself a
reputation of reliability, honesty, and ________. Perform my task with full confidence, reliability, and accuracy. Treat any information I acquired about individuals in the course of my work as _________. Commit myself to continuously improve my professional skills and knowledge. Share my knowledge and expertise to my colleagues. Contribute to the __________ of the professional organization and other allied health organizations. Act in a spirit of fairness to all and a spirit of _____________ to other members of the profession. Restrict my praises, criticisms, ______ , ________ within constructive limits. Accept employment from more than one employer only when there is no ________. Be dedicated to the use of Clinical laboratory science to promote life and benefit mankind. Uphold the law and shall not engage in illegal work. Report any violation of the above principles of professional conduct to the _______________ and the ethics committee of the organization. To these principles, I hereby subscribe and pledge to conduct myself at all times in a manner befitting the dignity of my profession.
responsibilities
integrity
strictly confidential
advancement
brotherhood
views, opinions
conflict of interest
authorized agency
Laboratory Management
Leadership
▪ Provides the _________ of where one/organization is going
▪ Must be visionary and must set clear goals and strategic objectives
Four Key Leadership Styles
1. ___ – provides physical and personal resources for an individual can accomplish his/her duties
2. ___ – presents rules, orders or other defined instructions to the individual
3. ___ – provides high support and direction
4. ___ – provides low support and direction
~ Management:
▪ Also known as _____________
▪ Provides the _____ to get there
direction
Supportive leader
Directive leader
Coaching leader
Delegating leader
administration
road
A. Leadership and Management Styles
1. Leadership Styles
a. ___
▪ self-centered
▪ Makes decisions without the consultation of subordinates
▪ The manager’s way is the best
b. ___
▪ shared authority
▪ Employees take part in decision making
c. ___
▪ Exercise of control on the basis of knowledge
▪ Focuses on rules and regulation set by the hierarchy of authority
d. ___
▪ Also known as delegating leadership
▪ Leaves the decision to staff, abdicate responsibility
e. ___
▪ Leaders encourage certain behaviours in others by force of personality, persuasion, and eloquent communication
Autocratic
Democratic
Bureaucratic
Laissez-faire
Charismatic
A. Leadership and Management Styles
2. Management Styles
a. ___
▪ Decision making is done in the upper echelons of organization
b. __
▪ Flow of info upward is restricted to what superiors want to hear
c. __
▪ Allows employee to have a view and they are allowed to voice out their opinion
d. ___
▪ There’s a collaborative teamwork and open communication between
the manager and the subordinates
Exploitative-authoritative
Benevolent-authoritative
Consultative
Participative
- Leadership Theories
a. __
▪ A manager uses a broad range of leadership styles based on the prevailing circumstances in the current environment
b. McGregor X and Y Theory
▪ Based on how employees view work
▪ Theory X - ________________________________
▪ Theory Y - ________________________________
Tannenbaum and Schmidt Theory
autocratic leadership
democratic leadership
- Leadership Theories
c. ___
▪ ___ – low concern for people and production
▪ ___ – low concern for people but high concern for production
▪ ___ – medium concern for people and production
▪ ___ – high concern for people but low concern for production
▪ ___ – high concern for people and production
d. __
▪ Based on two factors of situational contingency
Relationship-oriented
○ Wants to be liked by and to get along well with subordinates
○ Getting the job done is second priority
Task-oriented
○ Wants high performance and accomplishment of all tasks
○ Getting the job done is the first priority
Blake-Mouton Theory
Impoverished management
Authority-compliance
Middle-of-the-road management
Country club management
Team management
Fiedler Theory
- Leadership Theories
e. ___ - Based on situational models; No single best style of leadership but is more dependent on the task, knowledge, and group dynamics for each situation
f. ___ - Employees based their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work on hygiene factors and motivation factors
MOTIVATING: achievement, recognition, work itself, job advancement opportunity, growth opportunity
HYGIENE: rs with peers, company policies, physical workspace, working condition, salary, security, supervision
g. ___
▪ A pyramid of goals for the satisfaction of employee needs
Hersey-Blanchard Theory
Frederick Herzberg’s Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
- Skills of Managers
a. ___
▪ Conceptualize and apply management process, systematize work flow, make decisions, and communicate with co-workers
b. ___
▪ Understand basic theories of human needs and work motivation
c. ___
▪ Effective use of and accounting for monetary
d. ___
▪ Involve the synthesis of the first 3 skills and the management of physical resources into the operational parameters
Organizational skills
People skills
Financial skills
Technical skills
- Foundations of Management Processes
a. ___ - Descriptive picture of a desired future state, long term
b. ___ - Organization’s purpose
c. ___ - General and qualitative statements of overall philosophy of the organization
d. ___ - Statements that are more specific and quantifiable steps taken to achieve the organizational goals
Vision
Mission
Goals
Objectives
- Functions of Manager
a. ___ - Establishing goals and objectives, formulating policies to carry out objectives
Types of Plans:
* ___ – covers a 1-5-year period and focus on tasks that can be completed in this time frame
* ___ – may be for 1 year or one budget period and concerns operation
* ___ – maps out the course of an organization for approximately 20 years
SWOT analysis
* Internal factors ___
* External factors ___
b. Organizing
▪ Coordinating resources to achieve plans; defining work relationships, including line of authority and workflow
c. Directing
▪ Communicating, motivating, delegating, and coaching
▪ Creating a climate that meets the needs of the individuals and the organization
d. Controlling
▪ Defining standards of performance, developing a reporting system, and taking corrective action when necessary
Planning
Short range plan
Operational plan
Strategic plan
(Strengths, Weaknesses)
(Opportunities, Threats)
B. Quality Management
1. ___: A comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and practices that are followed to ensure that laboratory’s results are reliable
▪ Includes record keeping, maintenance, and calibration of equipment, proficiency testing, quality control, and training of personnel
▪ Provides a way to prevent problems as well as deal with problems that occur
2. Approaches to Quality Management
a. ___: Most widely used approach to quality improvement in the healthcare
b. ___: Provides both a management philosophy or organizational development and a management process for improvement of quality in all aspects of work
c. ___: Based on statistics and quantitative measurements
▪ Applied in the clinical laboratory to reduce the frequency of test errors or the number of DPMOs
▪ DMAIC: ___________________
d. ___: Designed to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction; Used in clinical laboratories to improve turnaround time
e. Lean-Six sigma:
▪ ___ – black belt with at least 2 years of experience
▪ ___ - team leaders who dedicate as much as 100% of their time to quality improvement projects
▪ ___ - team members who contribute approximately 20% of their time to quality improvement projects while delivering their normal job functions
▪ ___ - understands the basics of Lean-Six sigma
f. ___: Quality management system developed specifically for clinical laboratories; Mandatory in some countries
g. ___: A program that embodies all concepts in the management process; Success or failure depends on how well the employees understand the company’s mission and objectives
h. ___: Process whereby the best process in one organization is modified to fit similar processed in another organization
Quality Assurance
PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act)/Deming cycle
Total Quality Management
Six Sigma; define, measure, analyze. improve, control
Lean
Master
black
green
yellow
ISO 15189
Management by Objective
Benchmarking
- Quality Tools
a. Pareto chart aka. ___ (with spaces)
b. Cause-and-effect diagram aka. ___ (fishbone diagram)
c. Flow chart - can reduce ___ (more efficient)
d. Histogram (no spaces bet)
e. Control chart
f. Scatter diagram
g. Check sheet
Bar graph
Ishikawa
TAT
- ___
▪ Employees are evaluated on a regular basis
Appraisal Errors
* Error of central tendency
* Contrast error
* Error of leniency
* Halo effect
* Reverse halo effect
* Recency phenomenon
Employee Performance Appraisal
- Document and Records
▪ ___ – refer to written information regarding procedures, processes, and policies in the clinical laboratory to communicate effectively to all laboratory staff and users, which need to be updated or maintained when necessary
▪ ___ – refer to collected information produced by the laboratory in the process of performing and reporting laboratory tests that are permanent and are easily retrieved
Documents
Records
C. Financial and Budgeting
1. ___: Template for forecasting revenue and expenses for an organization; prepared in phases dependent upon the fiscal year
Four phases
* Development of goals
* Budget assumptions
* Forecast of expenses
* Monitoring
2. Quality costs
Budget
___: Directly associated with producing test results
___: Indirectly contribute to producing laboratory tests
___: Remain the same from month to month no matter how many tests are produced
___: Change with the amount of work performed
Direct cost
Indirect cost
Fixed cost
Variable cost
D. Information System
a. ___
▪ Information science
▪ Science of processing data for storage, retrieval, and use
b. ___
▪ Use of computers and information systems to process and communicate information generated in clinical laboratory
c. ___
▪ Computerized medical record
d. ___
▪ System of hardware, software, connections and communication protocols that handle all informational needs of laboratory, from intake of requests to the delivery of results
Informatics
Laboratory informatics
Electronic Medical Record
Laboratory information system
c. Handwashing
▪ Most important means of preventing the spread of infection
▪ Thoroughly clean between your fingers and under your fingernails for at least of ____________
▪ Washing/rinsing hands in a downward position
d. Personal Protective Equipment
▪ Donning – Gown → Mask or Respirator → Goggles or Face Shield →
Gloves
▪ Doffing – Gloves → Goggles or Face Shield → Gown → Mask or
Respirator → Handwashing ***(last step)
20 secs
TYPE OF WASTE
Non-infectious dry waste
Non-infectious wet waste
Infectious and pathological waste
Sharps
Pressurized containers
Chemical waste
Radioactive waste
COLOR OF CONTAINER:
Black
Green
Yellow
Red
Red
Yellow with black band
Orange
