MT in its Modern Onset in the US

Question 1

When and Where?

Established the position of “Chemist-Microscopist” whose duties included assisting at autopsies

Answer 1

Massachusetts General Hospital (MassGen, Training hospital of Harvard Medical School) 1847

Question 2

When and Where?

John Bacon Jr. was employed as the Chemist- Microscopist. However, he later suggested to separate the duties of the hospital microscopist and the hospital chemist.

Answer 2

Massachusetts General Hospital (MassGen, Training hospital of Harvard Medical School) 1854

Question 3

When and Where?

Dr. Calvin Ellis became the hospital microscopist. He is the first in the hospital to significantly utilize the microscope in examination of specimens leading to a diagnosis.

Answer 3

Massachusetts General Hospital (MassGen, Training hospital of Harvard Medical School) 1855

Question 4

Was employed as the Chemist- Microscopist of the MassGen Hospital.

Answer 4

John Bacon Jr.

However, he later suggested to separate the duties of the hospital microscopist and the hospital chemist.

Question 5

Became the hospital microscopist of the MassGen Hospital.

A doctor

Answer 5

Dr. Calvin Ellis

Question 6

Who and When?

Opened a teaching laboratory at Bellevue Medical College (New York University Medical School) after studying several German laboratories.

Answer 6

Dr. William Welch 1878

Question 7

He gave the first laboratory course in pathology offered in an American Medical School.

Answer 7

Dr. William Welch

Question 8

Who and When?

Became the first physician recruited to be a professor at the Johns Hopkins University in ___ ?

Answer 8

Dr. William Welch 1886

Question 9

Where did Dr. William Welch open a teaching laboratory?

Answer 9

New York

Question 10

Established by the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

Answer 10

William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine

Question 11

When was the William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine established?

Answer 11

1895

Question 12

Considered by many as the first legitimate clinical science laboratory in the United States.

Answer 12

William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine

Question 13

Opened the first well-equipped chemical laboratory related to medicine, where Dr. Douglas was the first to give laboratory instructions.

Answer 13

University of Michigan Hospital

Question 14

Cardona et al. (2015) reports this laboratory as the first clinical laboratory set-up in the U.S.

Answer 14

University of Michigan Hospital

Question 15

Opened its clinical laboratory in 1896

Answer 15

John Hopkins Hospital

Question 16

When was John Hopkins Hospital opened?

Answer 16

1896

Question 17

A Canadian physician and professor, who established ward laboratories at the Johns Hopkins Hospital where routine tests were performed by attending physicians.

A doctor

Answer 17

Dr. William Osler

Question 18

When did Dr. William Osler establish ward laboratories at the Johns Hopkins Hospital where routine tests were performed by attending physicians?

Answer 18

1898

Question 19

What institute established its own clinical laboratory and was headed by Dr. Simon Flexner?

Answer 19

Rockefeller Institute

Question 20

1. • Where is the Rockefeller Institute’s clinical laboratory located?
2. When was it established?

Answer 20

New York, 1903

Question 21

Wrote a book entitled Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods, which described the techniques and procedures of the laboratory tests
available then.

Answer 21

James Campbell Todd

Question 22

When was the book entitled Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods written?

Answer 22

1908

Question 23

Edited the book authored by Todd.

Answer 23

John Bernard Henry

The said book was later named as Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods.

Question 24

This book became the fundamental source in the practice of laboratory medicine.

Answer 24

Henry’s Medical Diagnosis and Mangement by Laboratory Methods.

Question 25

Who and When?

Passed a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have complete laboratory facilities with full-time technicians, which gave laboratory services a chance to be fully recognized and widely utilized.

Answer 25

Pennsylvania State Legislature 1915

Question 26

Produced a great demand for technicians.

Answer 26

World War I

Despite the training of many technicians by the Army during the war and the laboratory courses offered by several medical schools, the demand for reliable, well-trained technicians greatly exceeded their availability.

Question 27

When?

Physicians with knowledge on laboratory works began to teach their assistants to do some tests for them

Answer 27

World War I

Question 28

Faced with reductions in medical staff because of America’s entry into ____ hospitals started hiring and training women to become laboratory
technicians.

Answer 28

World War I

Question 29

Who?

Called for the development of a method that would certify medical technologists on a national scale

Answer 29

John Kolmer

Question 30

Published The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians that included a description of the first formal training course in Medical Technology

Answer 30

John Kolmer

Question 31

What was the book that John Kolmer published? When was it published?

Answer 31

The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians
1918

Question 32

Who and When?

Proposed the establishment of schools for the proper training of laboratory technicians and for the organization of a laboratory examining board to pass on their qualifications for employment.

Answer 32

R. B. H. Gradwohl 1920

Question 33

What and When?

Founded with the objective of encouraging the maintenance of status of clinical pathologists.

Answer 33

American Society for Clinical Pathology
1922

Question 34

Established the code of ethics for technicians and technologists stating that these allied health professionals should work under the supervision of physician and refrain from making oral or written diagnosis and advising physicians on how patients should be treated.

Answer 34

American Society for Clinical Pathology

Question 35

Originally formed as a subgroup of ASCP, helped in the recognition of non-physician clinical laboratory scientists as autonomous professionals.

Answer 35

American Society of Clinical Laboratory Science

Question 36

What and When?

Was the first to offer a degree program on medical technology.

Answer 36

University of Minnesota 1923

Question 37

When?

Medical technologists in the United States sought professional recognition from the government of their educational qualifications through licensure laws

Answer 37

1950’s