MT - Chain Of Infection Flashcards
• People
• Animals
• Soil
• Food
Reservoir
Pathogen
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungi
• Parasite
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungi
• Parasite
Pathogen
Reservoir
• People
• Animals
• Soil
• Food
• Coughing Sneezing
• Bodily Secretions
• Feces
Portal of Exit
• Direct Contact
• Indirect Contact
• Vectors
Mode of Transmission
Mouth
Nose
Eyes
Cuts in skim
Portal of Entry
• Elderly
• infants
• immunocompromised
• ANYONE!
Susceptible Host
Common sources
►Other humans
►Client’s own microorganisms
► Plants
► Animals
►General environment
► Food
► Water
▸ Feces
► Reservoir
(touching, kissing, biting, sexual intercourse)
Direct transmission
► Vehicle-borne
Any substance that serves as intermediate means to transport and introduce an infection agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry.
► Vector-borne
Animal or insect
►Airborne transmission
► Droplet nuclei
► Indirect transmission
► Skin is barrier to infectious agents.
► Break can readily serve as portal of entry
► Microorganisms often enter body by same route they used to leave source.
Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host
► Compromised host
► Individual more likely than others to acquire an infection
► Variables
►Age (very young or very old)
► Clients receiving immune suppression treatment
► Clients with immune deficiency conditions
Susceptible Host
► Nonspecific defenses
► Protect person against all microorganisms regardless of prior exposure
► Specific (immune) defenses
► Directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi
Body Defenses Against Infection
► Anatomic and physiological barriers
► Intact skin and mucous membranes
► Moist mucous membranes and cilia of the nasal passages
► Alveolar macrophages
► Saliva
► Tears
Nonspecific Defenses
►Inflammatory response
► Inflammation
► Local, nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to injurious or infectious agent
Nonspecific Defenses
