MT 6310 LECTURE UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY IN THE CELL Flashcards
What process is defined by:
- ) DNA to RNA
- ) mRNA to proteins
- ) DNA to DNA
- ) Transcription
- ) Translation
- ) Replication
Where does replication take place?
inside the nucleus
Where does transcription take place?
inside the nucleus
Where does translation take place?
ribosomes
The process in which we see the maturation of RNA catalyzed by enzymes synthesized from the ribosome
Transcription
TRUE OR FALSE
All RNA will be born based on the dictates of the DNA
TRUE
The metabolic pathway of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is called?
glycolysis
Glycolysis utilizes ___ and ___ as a source of energy
glucose and fructose
The cell membrane is made up of lipids that have a ____ head and a ____ tail
polar; nonpolar
TRUE OR FALSE
Potassium is an extracellular ion while Sodium is an intracellular ion.
FALSE (remember PiSo, potassium IN, sodium OUT)
TRUE OR FALSE
Calcium helps in the balance of the concentrations of the ions found in the cell.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
The DNA is not naked in the cell and it is ionically or electrostatically connected or attached with histones.
TRUE
The DNA is known to be negatively charged due to its?
Phosphoric acid component
Histones contain what that makes them positively charged?
basic amino acids
TRUE OR FALSE
when the cell is not dividing, they are just spread out in the nucleoplasm together as DNA and histones
TRUE
Type of RNA abundant in the nucleolus
rRNA
For RNA to be mature and functional, what must happen to it?
Folding must happen in order for it to become functional and to become part of a ribosome.
The inner folds of the mitochondria is called?
Cristae
The inner folds of the mitochondria is studded with a lot of enzymes and proteins that form a chain to one another. This chain is called?
Electron Transport Chain
TRUE OR FALSE
The transfer of electrons would make an electron gradient because in the cell electrons come in the form of hydrogen, so some electron gradients are created, and it powers other enzymes that are coupled in the production of ATP.
FALSE (it would make PROTON gradients not electron gradients)
The process of converting ADP to ATP is called?
Oxidative Phosphorylation (powered by a redox reaction)
Where do the electrons for the ETC come from to generate ATP?
Krebs’ Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Other than the Krebs’ Cycle, where can we generate electrons?
Oxidation of Fatty acids
TRUE OR FALSE
The membrane of the mitochondria is made up of 75%-80% of proteins.
TRUE
Term used to describe bacteria that were anaerobic
archaebacteria
TRUE OR FALSE
Chloroplasts has its own circular DNA and ribosomes.
TRUE
The carbohydrates found in plants are called?
Starch
TRUE OR FALSE
Lipids are synthesized in the rough ER and brought usually to the membranes of the cell, membranes of the organelles, or wherever the lipids are needed.
FALSE (the smooth ER is responsible in the synthesis of lipids)
This organelle participates in the maintenance of the calcium balance in the cell.
Smooth ER
TRUE OR FALSE
When there is too much calcium to sequester, the surface of the tubes decreases or if there is only one branch then it remains stationary.
FALSE (the surface of the tubes INCREASES and a single branch can continue to BRANCH OUT so that it can sequester more.)
What tissues affect calcium concentration?
Kidneys; Bones; Liver; Muscles
The material from the ER is delivered here for the purpose of modification and packaging of proteins, even the lipids
Golgi Complex
