MT 6310 LECTURE UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY IN THE CELL

Question 1

What process is defined by:

1. ) DNA to RNA
2. ) mRNA to proteins
3. ) DNA to DNA

Answer 1

1. ) Transcription
2. ) Translation
3. ) Replication

Question 2

Where does replication take place?

Answer 2

inside the nucleus

Question 3

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 3

inside the nucleus

Question 4

Where does translation take place?

Answer 4

ribosomes

Question 5

The process in which we see the maturation of RNA catalyzed by enzymes synthesized from the ribosome

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE

All RNA will be born based on the dictates of the DNA

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

The metabolic pathway of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is called?

Answer 7

glycolysis

Question 8

Glycolysis utilizes ___ and ___ as a source of energy

Answer 8

glucose and fructose

Question 9

The cell membrane is made up of lipids that have a ____ head and a ____ tail

Answer 9

polar; nonpolar

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE

Potassium is an extracellular ion while Sodium is an intracellular ion.

Answer 10

FALSE (remember PiSo, potassium IN, sodium OUT)

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE

Calcium helps in the balance of the concentrations of the ions found in the cell.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE

The DNA is not naked in the cell and it is ionically or electrostatically connected or attached with histones.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

The DNA is known to be negatively charged due to its?

Answer 13

Phosphoric acid component

Question 14

Histones contain what that makes them positively charged?

Answer 14

basic amino acids

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE

when the cell is not dividing, they are just spread out in the nucleoplasm together as DNA and histones

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Type of RNA abundant in the nucleolus

Answer 16

rRNA

Question 17

For RNA to be mature and functional, what must happen to it?

Answer 17

Folding must happen in order for it to become functional and to become part of a ribosome.

Question 18

The inner folds of the mitochondria is called?

Answer 18

Cristae

Question 19

The inner folds of the mitochondria is studded with a lot of enzymes and proteins that form a chain to one another. This chain is called?

Answer 19

Electron Transport Chain

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE

The transfer of electrons would make an electron gradient because in the cell electrons come in the form of hydrogen, so some electron gradients are created, and it powers other enzymes that are coupled in the production of ATP.

Answer 20

FALSE (it would make PROTON gradients not electron gradients)

Question 21

The process of converting ADP to ATP is called?

Answer 21

Oxidative Phosphorylation (powered by a redox reaction)

Question 22

Where do the electrons for the ETC come from to generate ATP?

Answer 22

Krebs’ Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Question 23

Other than the Krebs’ Cycle, where can we generate electrons?

Answer 23

Oxidation of Fatty acids

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE

The membrane of the mitochondria is made up of 75%-80% of proteins.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Term used to describe bacteria that were anaerobic

Answer 25

archaebacteria

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE

Chloroplasts has its own circular DNA and ribosomes.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

The carbohydrates found in plants are called?

Answer 27

Starch

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE

Lipids are synthesized in the rough ER and brought usually to the membranes of the cell, membranes of the organelles, or wherever the lipids are needed.

Answer 28

FALSE (the smooth ER is responsible in the synthesis of lipids)

Question 29

This organelle participates in the maintenance of the calcium balance in the cell.

Answer 29

Smooth ER

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE

When there is too much calcium to sequester, the surface of the tubes decreases or if there is only one branch then it remains stationary.

Answer 30

FALSE (the surface of the tubes INCREASES and a single branch can continue to BRANCH OUT so that it can sequester more.)

Question 31

What tissues affect calcium concentration?

Answer 31

Kidneys; Bones; Liver; Muscles

Question 32

The material from the ER is delivered here for the purpose of modification and packaging of proteins, even the lipids

Answer 32

Golgi Complex