MT 1

Question 1

What are the six important nutrients?

Answer 1

Water, carbohydrates, minerals, fats, protein, vitamins

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

The preparation of food for absorption

Question 3

What does digestion involve? (3 things)

Answer 3

1. Mastication and Muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 2. chemical action such as bile and acid 3. enzymatic action from GIT secretion as well as from microorganisms

Question 4

Absorption

Answer 4

various processes that allow small molecules to pass through the membranes of the GIT into blood or lymph systems for distribution throughout the body

Question 5

What do animals use energy from plant compounds for? (3 things)

Answer 5

1. Maintaining bodily functions (respiration, blood flow, etc) 2. tissue gain in growth 3. formation of animal products (milk, eggs..)

Question 6

True or False? Energy can be used only once by a given organism.

Answer 6

True.

Question 7

What is the ultimate source of all energy?

Answer 7

The Sun

Question 8

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 8

When energy is transformed from one form into another, there is a decrease in the amount of useful energy- some is degraded into heat and dissipated Useful energy captured in high energy bonds like ATP

Question 9

Why is the transformation of energy not 100% efficient? (2 Reasons)

Answer 9

1) When an animal eats a plant, energy is dissipated as heat and a small amount is used to synthesize the animals tissue 2) when 2nd animal eats the first animal, further energy is lost

Question 10

What is the Transfer of Energy called?

Answer 10

Food Chain

Question 11

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 11

Amount of energy to keep yourself alive and functional

Question 12

Maintenance

Answer 12

Energy is not changed ( neither created nor destroyed), it is stored or used

Question 13

True or False? Basal Metabolic Rate and Maintenance are the same thing.

Answer 13

FALSE. BMR is the amount of energy used to keep yourself alive and maintenance involves the same amount of unchanged energy.

Question 14

State how heat is lost in an organism.

Answer 14

1) Start with Gross Energy or Intake Energy - Fecal Energy Lost 2) Digestible energy - urine energy, gases lost 3) Metabolizable energy -Heat 4) End with Net Energy

Question 15

What type of energy is lost the most?

Answer 15

Fecal Energy

Question 16

What is the primary source of food for herbivores in nature?

Answer 16

roughages

Question 17

Roughages are characteristically…

Answer 17

bulky in nature

Question 18

Most roughages are greater than _____% _______ ________ on dry matter basis

Answer 18

18% crude fiber

Question 19

Most roughages are _____ in digestibility and ________ in energy

Answer 19

lower, higher

Question 20

Normally roughages aren’t very high in energy, however there are always exceptions. What roughage has very high energy?

Answer 20

Corn Silage

Question 21

This Feedstuff is generally higher in fat soluble vitamins than most concentrates. What is it?

Answer 21

roughage

Question 22

This feed stuff is very bulky and is higher in fiber and lower in energy than concentrates. What is it?

Answer 22

Roughages

Question 23

What is the cell wall composed of?

Answer 23

hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin

Question 24

What does neutral detergent fiber measure? acid detergent fiber?

Answer 24

1)It measures cell wall content (hemicellulose , cellulose, lignin) in a neutral solution 2) the second one measure in an acid solution and only measures cellulose and lignin

Question 25

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 25

Vitamin A, D, E, K