MT 1 Flashcards
What are the six important nutrients?
Water, carbohydrates, minerals, fats, protein, vitamins
Digestion
The preparation of food for absorption
What does digestion involve? (3 things)
- Mastication and Muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 2. chemical action such as bile and acid 3. enzymatic action from GIT secretion as well as from microorganisms
Absorption
various processes that allow small molecules to pass through the membranes of the GIT into blood or lymph systems for distribution throughout the body
What do animals use energy from plant compounds for? (3 things)
- Maintaining bodily functions (respiration, blood flow, etc) 2. tissue gain in growth 3. formation of animal products (milk, eggs..)
True or False? Energy can be used only once by a given organism.
True.
What is the ultimate source of all energy?
The Sun
Second Law of Thermodynamics
When energy is transformed from one form into another, there is a decrease in the amount of useful energy- some is degraded into heat and dissipated Useful energy captured in high energy bonds like ATP
Why is the transformation of energy not 100% efficient? (2 Reasons)
1) When an animal eats a plant, energy is dissipated as heat and a small amount is used to synthesize the animals tissue 2) when 2nd animal eats the first animal, further energy is lost
What is the Transfer of Energy called?
Food Chain
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Amount of energy to keep yourself alive and functional
Maintenance
Energy is not changed ( neither created nor destroyed), it is stored or used
True or False? Basal Metabolic Rate and Maintenance are the same thing.
FALSE. BMR is the amount of energy used to keep yourself alive and maintenance involves the same amount of unchanged energy.
State how heat is lost in an organism.
1) Start with Gross Energy or Intake Energy - Fecal Energy Lost 2) Digestible energy - urine energy, gases lost 3) Metabolizable energy -Heat 4) End with Net Energy
What type of energy is lost the most?
Fecal Energy
What is the primary source of food for herbivores in nature?
roughages
Roughages are characteristically…
bulky in nature
Most roughages are greater than _____% _______ ________ on dry matter basis
18% crude fiber
Most roughages are _____ in digestibility and ________ in energy
lower, higher
Normally roughages aren’t very high in energy, however there are always exceptions. What roughage has very high energy?
Corn Silage
This Feedstuff is generally higher in fat soluble vitamins than most concentrates. What is it?
roughage
This feed stuff is very bulky and is higher in fiber and lower in energy than concentrates. What is it?
Roughages
What is the cell wall composed of?
hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
What does neutral detergent fiber measure? acid detergent fiber?
1)It measures cell wall content (hemicellulose , cellulose, lignin) in a neutral solution 2) the second one measure in an acid solution and only measures cellulose and lignin
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A, D, E, K
