MSTE Flashcards
In a common carnival game, a player tosses a penny from about 5 feet onto surface of a table ruled in 1-inch squares. If the penny (3/4” in diameter) falls entirely inside a square, the player receives 5 centavos but does not get his penny back; otherwise, he loses his penny. If the penny lands on the table, what is the chance to win if the lines are 1/16 in thick?
Less than 1/28
Assuming the sun rises at 6:00 a.m., sets at 6:00 p.m. and moves at a uniform rate, how can a lost boy scout determine south by means of a watch on a cloudless day?
Align hour hand w/ the sun’s azimuth, & south will be midway betw. the hour hand & 12.
what is the least number of links that must be disengaged from a 23-link chain so that any # of links from 1 to 23 can be obtained by taking one or more of the pieces?
2 links
In a restaurant, customers are given a giveaway item in a form of a toy for every ordered meal. There are three different toys in the said restaurant. What is the probability that a customer who orders 5 meals will have the three different toys?
50/81 = 0.6713
Four towns are located at the corners of a square highway network. Four motorists set out from each town, each driving to the next town) in clockwise direction), and each man but the fourth going 8 kph, faster than the car ahead – thus the first car travels 25 km/hr faster than the fourth. At the end of one hour the first and third cars are 204 km, and the second and fourth 212 (beeline) km apart. What is the rate of the first car?
50 kph
In a certain network, there are 4 nodes and 4 regions. How many arcs are there in the network?
6
To encourage Elmer’s promising tennis career, his father offers him a prize if he wins (at least) two tennis sets in a row in a Three-set series to be played with his father and the club champion alternately: father-champion-father or champion-father-champion, according to Elmer’s choice. The champion is a better player than Elmer’s father. Which series should Elmer choose? Assume that Elmer’s chance of winning against his father is 80% and against the champion is 40%
Champion-Father-Champion with 0.512 probability
There are nine cities which are served by two competing airlines. One on the other airline (but not both) has a flight every pair of cities. What is the minimum number of triangular flights (i.e. trips A to B to C and back to A on the same airline)?
12
What is the largest number of pigeonholes that can be occupied by 100 pigeons if each hole is occupied, but no 2 holes contains the same number of pigeons?
13
Holiday for a worker’s birthday, how many workers should be hired to maximize total man-days worked per year?
365 – 1 = 364
Room with n people, what is the probability of at least 2 to have the same birthday?
P = 1 - (365Pn)/365^n)
Room with n people, chances are better than even that at least 2 have the same birthday. How many must be present to provide at least an even chance that 2 or more were born on the same day of the week?
4 people
Two men are walking toward each other alongside a railway. A freight train overtakes one of them in 20 seconds and exactly 10 minutes later meets the other man coming from the opposite direction. The train passes this man in 18 seconds. How long after the train has passed the second man will the two men meet? Constant speeds are to be assumed throughout.
1 hr, 32 min, 42 sec
If a stick is broken in two at random, what is the average ratio of the smaller length to the longer?
0.386
If a chord is selected at random on a fixed circle, what is the probability that its length exceeds the radius of the circle?
2/3
An earthquake had a Richter number of n. How does the intensity of the earthquake compare with the reference intensity?
10^n
A truth serum given to a suspect is known to be 90% reliable when the person is guilty and 99% reliable when the person is innocent……………………………….what is the probability that he is innocent?
0.174
4 people are doing business together. They agreed that their money is kept in a safe. In order to open tit, majority must be present. The safe is provided with a number of different locks, and each one of them is given the keys to certain locks. Find the number of locks req’d and the number of keys they must have.
6 locks, 3 keys
The local weather forecast says “no rain” and his record is 2/3 accuracy. But the FMS predicts “rain” and their record is ¾. With no other data available, what’s the chance of rain?
3/5
Five points are in, or on, the perimeter of an equilateral triangle with a-inch sides. If d is the distance between the closest pair of points what is the maximum possible value of d?
a/2
From where he stands, one step toward the cliff would send the drunken man over the edge. He takes random steps, either toward or away from the cliff. At any step his probability of taking a step away is 2/3, of a step toward the cliff 1/3. What is his chance of escaping the cliff?
prob of falling = prob of escaping = 1/2
Player M has P1, and Player N has P2. Each play gives one of the players P1 from the other. Player M is enough better than Player N that he wins 2/3 of the plays. They play until one is bankrupt. What is the chance that Player M wins?
4/7
A coffee pot is in the shape of a frustum of a cone with open-top diameter one half of its base diameter. The two-cup mark of the pot is along its mid-height. Where should the three-cup mark be located?
2% way down from the top
A coin is so unbalanced that you are likely to get two heads in two successive throws as you are to get tails in one. What’s the probability of getting heads in a single throw?
h h = 1 – h
h = 0.618
In a laboratory, each of a handful of thin 9-inch glass rods had one tip marked with a blue dot and the other with a red. When the laboratory assistant tripped and dropped them onto the concrete floor, many broke into three pieces. For these, what was the average length of the fragment with the blue dot?
3 inches
Device mounted on a fixed support (permanent signs) or portable support (temporary signs) whereby a specific message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.
Traffic Signs
Signs that inform road users of the traffic laws and regulations which is disregarded will constitute an offense
Regulatory Signs
Signs that instruct road users to meet certain traffic rule requirements on road condition.
Special Instruction Signs
Signs which warn road users of condition on or adjacent to the road maybe unexpected or hazardous.
Warning Signs
Signs which warn or advise temporary hazardous conditions that could endanger road users, or the men and equipment engaged on roadworks.
Roadwork Signs
Signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information on wide multi-lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required or where side of road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a roadside sign.
Overhead Signs
Signs which inform and advise road users of directions, distances, routes, and the location of services for road users and point of interest.
Guide Signs
Signs used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignment of the road.
Chevron Signs
Signs used for intersections
Crossroad Signs
Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers.
Barriers
Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in series, to indicate the roadway alignment.
Delineators
Warning devices used to supplement other controls and devices necessary to alert motorists of construction and maintenance activities or obstructions in the roadway
Flashing Lamps
Roadwork devices consisting of precast concrete sections, sandbag and others which may be used to guide traffic at the construction site
Temporary Curbing
Device used in place of rigid cones with a minimum of 450 mm by 50 mm wide with alternate bands of contrasting color as seen by approaching traffic for delineation of traffic.
Bollard
Means any traffic control device marked on the surface of the carriageway used to regulate traffic or to warn or guide road users
Road Markers
Regulatory Signs
Additional Information (height limit, speed limit)
Circle Signs
Give Way
Warning Signs
Equilateral Triangle Signs
Directional signs
Roadwork signs
Special purposes signs
Facility Information Signs
Instruction Signs
Guide Signs
Point of Interest Signs
Rectangle Signs
Stop signs
Octagon Signs
Pedestrian and school crossing signs
Pentagon Signs
No. of vehicles per unit distance, occupying a section of roadway at a given instant time
Density
The actual number of vehicles observed to pass a given point on the highway at a given time
Volume (more accurate than Density)
Rate at which vehicles pass a fixed point (veh/hour)
Flow
The maximum sustained 15-minute rate of flow, expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane, which can be accommodated by a uniform freeway segment under prevailing traffic and road conditions in one direction
Capacity
No. of vehicle moving in a specified direction on a given lane or roadway that pass a given point during specified unit time.
Traffic Volume
Maximum number of vehicles, which have a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction or in both directions during one hour under prevailing road and traffic conditions.
Road Capacity
Ability of a roadway to accommodate traffic volume
Max no. of vehicles in a lane or a road that can pass a given point in unit time,
Traffic Capacity
Max no, of passenger that can pass a given point a lane or roadway during one are under the most ideal roadway and traffic conditions, which can possibly be attained
Basic Capacity
Max no. of cars that can pass a point during one hour under prevailing roadway & traffic conditions
Possible Capacity
Max no. of cars in one hour without traffic density being so great to cause any delay or hazard to the driver
Practical Capacity
Vehicle’s instantaneous speed at a specified location
Spot Speed
Vehicle’s average speed over a length of roadway at any time
Harmonic mean of speeds passing a point during a period of time;
Space Mean Speed
Average of spot speeds of all vehicles passing a point in a highway
Average Speed
Speed distribution of vehicles at a point on a roadway
Average of instantaneous speeds of observed vehicles at the spot
Time Mean Speed
allow slower travel for large vehicles such as large trucks or semi-trailer trucks, ascending a steep grade.
Climbing Lanes
the part of the main road that is used for passing other vehicles and is nearest the center of the road.
Overtaking Lane or Passing Lane
used to separate adjacent lines of traffic moving in the same direction.
Lane line
is expressed as a K value, which is the length of the vertical curve in meters for 1% change in grade
Vertical Curve
Messages are ____ in color.
White
Letters or numerals used on roads in urban areas shall be at least ____. On high speed highways, they must be at least ____.
2.5 m ; 5 m
Vertical distance or difference in elevation of contour lines
Contour Interval
Reaction time used for road safety.
2.5 seconds
Reaction time used for road safety.
2.5 seconds
Ideal capacity of a road
2000 veh/hr
Parabolas centered about the point of intersection of the vertical tangents they join
Vertical Curve
Primary consideration in the design of geometric cross section of highways, runways and taxiways
Drainage
Commonly identified as primary, secondary, and working control on the jobsite
Horizontal Control
Rule ____ is the guidelines regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Rule 1080
Pavement markings shall only be applied or removed by this agency
DPWH
Based on the expression on the technical resolution of international water way congress, about how many percent of tide is guaranteed safe for the ships?
98 %
The difference between the actual travel time and a given segment of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for that given segment
Delay
Messages when painted on pavement should be limited to how many words only?
Three words or less
Written instructions detailing how the facility is to be constructed
Specifications
Pavement and Curb Markings
those laid in the direction of travel (center line, lane line, double yellow line, etc.)
Longitudinal Lines
Pavement and Curb Markings
those laid across the direction of travel (stop line, give way line, pedestrian crossing markings, etc.)
Transverse Lines
Pavement and Curb Markings
turn lines, parking bays, painted median islands, and Bus & PUJ Lane Lines
Other Lines
Pavement and Curb Markings
approach markings to islands and obstructions, markings on entrance and exit ramps, approach to railroad crossing, messages and symbols, and pavement arrows
Other Markings
Made to establish the horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points.
Control Survey
Made to determine the length and direction of land lines and to establish the position of these lines on the ground.
Boundary Survey
Made to gather data to produce a topographic map showing the configuration of the terrain and the location of natural and man-made objects.
Topographic Survey
The survey of bodies of water made for the purpose of navigation, water supply, or sub-aqueous construction.
Hydrographic Survey
Made to control, locate and map underground and surface works related to mining operations.
Mining Survey
Made to lay out, locate and monitor public and private engineering works
Construction Survey
Refers to those control, topographic, and construction surveys necessary for the location and construction of highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines, and pipelines.
Route Survey
Made to utilize the principles of aerial photogrammetry, in which measurements made on photographs are used to determine the positions of photographed objects
Photogrammetric Survey
generally involves imaging or “mapping” of regions of the sky using telescopes
Astronomical survey
the correction to be applied to the latitude or departure of any course is to the +total correction in latitude or departure as the length/distance of the course is to the length/perimeter of the traverse.
Compass Rule (Bowditch Rule)
the correction to be applied to the latitude or departure of any course is to the total correction in latitude or departure as the latitude or departure of that course is to the arithmetical sum of all the latitude or departure in the traverse without regards to sign.
Transit Rule
Any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline and includes any stage, stair, landing place, or other works connected therewith
Pier
A place where ships may anchor or tie up for the purpose of shelter, repair, loading or discharge of cargo, or for other such purposes
Port
A tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses, and to serve as a navigational aid for maritime pilots at sea or inland waterways
Lighthouse
A continuous structure built parallel to or along the margin of the sea or alongside riverbanks, canals, or waterways where vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo, embark or disembark passengers, or lie at rest
Wharf
a navigable deep channel leading through a harbor or along a shoreline
Fairway or Waterway
a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface
Shoal
a strait or narrow sea between two close landmasses
Channel
The average height of the sea for all stages of the tide obtained from systematic observations of sea levels at equal intervals over a long period of time along a given coastline.
Mean Sea Level
Datum line for design of port facilities in accordance with charts which is being used by Philippine Ports Authority.
Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW)
Water level that guarantees about water depth for safety of the ships berthing on a certain ports and harbor below the MLLW should be?
0.15 – 0.40 m
Ratio of wave height to its wavelength
Steepness
The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves.
Clapotis
The distance that the wind blows over the sea in generating the waves is known as:
Fetch
Waves formed by moving ship or boats are called:
Wakes
Waves under the influence of winds or storms which occur outside area of observation
Swells
A very long-standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally occurring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide
Seiche
An instrument use to measure the intensity of wind.
Beufort’s Scale
A wave at a point where the depth is equal to ½ of the wavelength or greater to be expressed in terms of the parameters of significant wave.
Deep Water Waves
Waves which occur in water having a depth less than one half of the wavelength and the
influence of the bottom changes the form or orbital motion from circular to elliptical or near elliptical.
Shallow Water Waves
A hypothetical wave having a wave height and period equal to average values of the wave
height and period of the largest 1/3 of all waves in the train as counted in the order of
greater wave height.
Significant Waves
A maximum wave height and wave period of the maximum wave height in the wave train.
Highest Wave
Waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the crest particles exceeds the velocity of propagation of the wavelength L is less than 7 times the wave height (L < 7H)
Breaking waves
Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind across the water surface, this is a process of transferring energy from wind to water
Gravity Waves
The regular periodic rise and fall of the surface of the seas, observable along their shores,
Tide
When the lines connecting the earth with the sun and the moon form a right angle, that is the
moon is in its quarters, then the actions of the moon and sun are subtractive, and the lowest tides of
the month occur, this is called:
Neap Tides
Known as falling tides
Ebb Tides
In many parts of the world, the high waters reach their greatest height and the low waters at the
least height, soon after the time of full moon and new moon. These tides are called:
Spring Tides
Tides which occur only one high tide a day is called:
Diurnal tide
The periodic rise and fall of sea level in response to the gravitational attraction of the sun
and moon as modified by the earth’s rotation.
Astronomical Tide
Owing to retardation of the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force, as the earth revolves daily around its axis and as the tide tends to follow the direction of the moon, the highest tide for each location is not coincident with conjunction and opposition but occurs at some constant time after new and full moon. This interval which may amount to as much as two and a half days is known as;
Age of the Tides
Layer of pavement which finally carries the load from the road
Sub-grade
Part of road structure which is immediately above the sub-grade and composed of stone boulders or superior soil
Sub-base
Component of the road structure which receives the traffic load and transfer it to the sub-grade.
The top surface of a road structure.
Base
One or more layers of crushed aggregate, which are bonded by bituminous materials and a seal coat laid on top is called:
Surface dressing
A 20mm thick premix bitumen layer over which is laid a seal coat
Bitumen carpet
A road made of coarse aggregates mechanically interlocked by rolling and bonded together with screening dust
Water Bound Macadam
A layer consisting of properly designed mix of course aggregate, fine aggregate, a filler
and a bituminous binder:
asphaltic concrete
The layer in a road pavement which provides resistance to wear and tear due to traffic
wearing course
The layered structure placed over a soil sub-grade for forming road.
Pavement
A mixture of bitumen, fine aggregate and filler in suitable proportion heated to about
200°C in special cookers and laid is called
Mastic Asphalt
An application of hot bitumen material given to the old surface to provide adhesion to the old and new surface
Tack Coat
A layer of stone chipping coat laid over a hot bitumen to make the surface water-proof
Prime Coat
A very thin surface applied over a bituminous pavement to make it impervious.
Seal Coat
The process of moving soil or rock from one location to another and processing it so that it meets construction requirements of location, elevation, density, and moisture content
Earthmoving
Ability of a soil to support the weight of vehicles under repeated traffic
Trafficability
Measure of the difficulty in excavating and loading of soil
Loadability
Star-shaped figures
Polygram
Sum of Two Angles = 360
Conjugate Angles
Explementary
For any cyclic quadrilateral, the product of the diagonals equals the sum of the products of the opposite sides
Ptolemy’s Theorem
Curves that intersect each curve of the family perpendicularly
Orthogonal
A set of points together with line segments joining the points in pairs
Graph/Network
A point is a node if there is at least one path (line) starting from it or reaching it. Nodes are named by capital letters of English alphabet.
Nodes in a graph
The line segment (path) joining two nodes is an arc
Arcs in a graph
Line segment joining any two non-adjacent vertices
Diagonal
Distance between two parallel sides of a quadrilateral
Altitude
An area bounded by arcs (including outside) is called a region
Region
This should always be shown on site plans for orientation purposes. Displaying it prominently is the standard practice
North direction
Line intersecting the curve in at least 2 points
Secant Line
A line that passes through the centroid, orthocenter, and circumcenter of a triangle
(Dist.CENTROID TO ORTHOCENTER = 2x Dist.CENTROID TO CIRCUMCENTER)
Euler’s Line
Richter Scale (based on intensity)
R = log(I/Io)
Amount which a willing buyer will pay to a willing seller for the property where each has equal advantage and is under no compulsion to buy and sell.
Market Value
A subjective assessment of the expected return on an investment at a given risk
Utility Value
Asset’s worth when it is deemed no longer usable
Junk Value (Salvage, Scrap, Residual, Break-Up Value)
It is anything that can cause harm
Hazard
It is the probability of harm actually being done
Risk
It is a violation of an accepted safe procedure which could permit the occurrence of an accident.
Unsafe Act
A hazardous physical condition or circumstance which could directly permit the occurrence of an accident.
Circumstances or deviation from standard condition which could permit an occurrence of accident or incident.
Unsafe Condition
Refers to the physical or environmental conditions of work or employment, which substantially comply with the provisions of this standard.
Safety
It is the recognition and control of hazards in the workplace
Occupational Safety and Health
Looking at the possibility of injury or harm occurring to a person if exposed to a hazard.
Risk assessment
Recognizing of things which may cause injury or harm to a person.
Hazard Identification
Introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a hazard.
Risk Control
Worst condition which should be considered in coastal engineering
Unusually high sea level with severe wave action
Single most important environmental factor in the broad field of coastal engineering
Coastal erosion
Probability of a mechanism that will function satisfactorily. If the mechanism is to operate intermittently and briefly, it also refers to performance on a given occasion. If the mechanism is to operate continuously, it refers to its performance for a specific period of time.
Reliability
Speed limit appropriate on lower standard expressways.
80 or 90 kph
