MSK Workbook 2 Lower Limb Flashcards
Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis
Greater sciatic foramen
Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum
Lesser sciatic foramen
Name the 4 muscles of the gluteal region
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus
L5, S1, S2
What is the innervation of the Gluteus Medius
L4,L5,S1
What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus
L4,L5,S1
What is the innervation of the Tensor fascia lata
L4,L5
What are the actions of gluteus Maximus muscles
Extends and laterally rotates
What is the action of the gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae
Abducts and medial rotates hip
What 2 muscles attach to the iliotibial band (tract)
Gluteus Maximus
Tensor fascia lata
The sacral plexus lies on which muscle
Piriforms Muscle
The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami if the spinal nerves___
L4, L5 and S1-S4
What are the 2 main branches of the sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve- lower limb
Pudendal nerve- perineum
What are the root values of the superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1
What are the root values of the inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2
Name the muscles supplied by the superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
Name the muscle supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximus
What are the root values of the sciatic nerve
L4 to S3
The sciatic nerve passes distally and divides at the popliteal fossa into the ___ and ___
Tibial nerve and common perineal nerve
What is the most lateral muscle of the hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Name the muscles of the hamstring
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
What is the action of the hamstring muscles on the hip and knee joint
Hip- extend
Knee- Flex
Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh
Sciatic nerve
Which branch of the femoral artery contributes to the Posterior muscle compartment blood supply
Profunda femoris artery
What type of joint is the knee joint
Synovial hinge joint
Which is the most important muscle which helps to stabilise the knee joint?
Hamstring
Name the 4 ligaments of the knee
Medial Collateral Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Why is the attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important
The medial meniscus is more commonly injured because it is firmly attached to the MCL
What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent
Prevents femur sliding anterior on the tibia
What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent
Prevents femur sliding posterior on the tibia
What is the function of the popliteal muscle
Rotates femur laterally on the tibia
What are the main functions of the menisci
Spread the load of the body’s weight
Which meniscus firmly adheres to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament
The deep medial meniscus
What type of bone is the patellar
Sesamoid bone
Which movement of the knee causes the patella to move
Extension
Name the 4 bursae around the knee
Suprapatellar
Infrapatella
Subcutaneous infra patella
Subcutaneous prepatellar
Which bursa communicates t=with the articular cavity of the knee joint
Suprapatellar
What is the clinical significance of the suprapatellar bursa communicating with the articular cavity
Prevents impingement of the synovial membrane between the patella and femur
What is housemaid’s knee
Inflammation of the bursa in the front of the kneecap
What muscles are involved in knee flexion
Hamstring: Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Sartorius Gracillis
What muscles are responsible for knee extension
Quadriceps: Vastus Intermedius Vastus lateralis Vastus Medialis Rectus Femoris
