MSK - spine + shoulder

Question 1

Mvts of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 1

flexion/extension, rotation (external/internal), adduction/abduction

Question 2

regions of the spine (and # vertebrae)

Answer 2

cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5 fused, coccyx 4 fused rudemtary

Question 3

special features of typical cervical vertebrae

Answer 3

bifid spine, transverse foramina (for vertebral artery), uncinate process (uncovertebral joints of Luschka), small body

Question 4

special features of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 4

inferiorly pointing spine, heart shaped body, costal facets for ribs

Question 5

special features of lumbar vertabrae

Answer 5

straight pointing spine, kidney shaped body

Question 6

special features of coccyx

Answer 6

anterior(ventral): ventral sacral foramina, posterior(dorsal) - median crest, sacral hiatus (cauda equina)

Question 7

joints connecting skull –> atlas (C1)

Answer 7

atlantooccipital joints x2 (occipital condyle –> lateral mass

Question 8

joints connecting atlas to axis (C2)

Answer 8

atlantoaxial joints x 3 (shoulders –> lateral mass) x2) + (dens –> anterior arch, secured by transverse ligament)

Question 9

list the joints of the spine

Answer 9

intervertebral discs (annulus fibrosus + nucleus pulposens) + facet joints (superior/inferior articular processes)

Question 10

which joints are responsible for mvt of spine?

Answer 10

facet joints (superior/inferior articular processes)

Question 11

list the mvts of the cervical vertebrae/spine

Answer 11

flexion/extension, rotation, lateral flexion/extension

Question 12

list the mvts of the thoracic vertebrae/spine

Answer 12

rotation

Question 13

list the mvts of the lumbar vertebrae/spine

Answer 13

flexion/extension + lateral flexion/extension

Question 14

what is an uncovertebral joint of luschka?

Answer 14

degenerative space which develops bw the uncinate process and suprior body of cervical vertebrae. Considered a joint bc it fills w/ synovial fluid. May get bony spur formation here with age.

Question 15

ligaments of the spine… list them

Answer 15

anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, + supraspinous ligament

Question 16

what is the thickened supraspinous ligament called

Answer 16

nuchal ligament

Question 17

where does the nuchal ligament end

Answer 17

C7. (vertebra prominens)

Question 18

what is the deep intrinsic muscle of the back called? what does it do

Answer 18

erector spinae - extends the spine (arches your back/holds it straight)

Question 19

what is erector spinae and its overlying skin innervated by?

Answer 19

dorsal ramus of spinal nerves + cutaneous branches of the same spinal nerves

Question 20

parts of the scapula… go (anterior)

Answer 20

subscapular fossa, coracoid process, acromion

Question 21

parts of the scapula… go (posterior)

Answer 21

spine, acromion, infraspinous fossa, supraspinous fossa, glenoid cavity, lateral border, medial border, superior border, superior angle, inferior angle

Question 22

what ligaments hold the clavicle in place?

Answer 22

sternoclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid + conoid, acromioclavicular ligament

Question 23

what is the ligament between the coracoid process and the acromion called? what does it do?

Answer 23

corocoacromial ligament/arch. Stabilizes shoulder/glenohumoral joint

Question 24

why is the glenohumoral joint so mobile/unstable?

Answer 24

1) small socket. 2) lax fibrous capsule

Question 25

name the ligaments of the glenohumoral joint

Answer 25

coracohumoral ligament, fibrous capsule, glenohumoral ligament (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 26

what is the lip thing around the glenoid fossa which helps to stabilize the joint

Answer 26

glenoid labrum

Question 27

what is the bursa between the clavicle/acromion and the underlying supraspinatous muscle called?

Answer 27

subacromial bursa.

Question 28

which 2 muscles are responsible for arm abduction? up to 90 degrees

Answer 28

supraspinatous (minor) + deltoid (major abductor)

Question 29

what would you need to do to abduct the arm beyond 90 degrees?

Answer 29

rotate the scapula at the scapulothoracic “joint” upwards

Question 30

what are the 3 “joints” of the scapula?

Answer 30

glenohumoral joint, acromioclavicular joint, scapulothoracic “joint”

Question 31

what are the movements of the scapulothoracic “joint”?

Answer 31

elevation/depression (shrug), protraction/retraction (punch), upward rotation/downward rotation (hi/bye)

Question 32

anterior shoulder muscles (and innervations)

Answer 32

pec major (lateral pectoral nerve [lateral chord]), pec minor (medial pectoral nerve [medial chord]), serratus anterior (long thoracic nerve [C5,6,7 roots]), subscapularis

Question 33

posterior shoulder muscles (and innervations if known)

Answer 33

trapezius, lat dorsi (collateral branches of posterior chord), rhomboids major + minor, levator scapulae

Question 34

scapulohumoral muscles

Answer 34

teres major (collateral branches of posterior chord), deltoid (Cx/axillary nerve)

Question 35

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 35

teres minor (Cx/axillary nerve), infraspinatous (suprascapular nerve [superior trunk]), supraspinatous (suprascapular nerve [superior trunk]), subscapularis (collateral branches of posterior chord)

Question 36

draw the brachial plexus.

Answer 36

draw it you lazy bum.