MSK patho pt 2 Flashcards
Which population does Polymyalgia Rheumatica affect?
female, rarely diagnosed prior to 50
90% diagnosed in patients older than 66
In Polymyalgia Rheumatica, pain and stiffness in the morning is common in which areas?
cervical, shoulders, and pelvic areas
onset can be abrupt
What is dx based on in Polymyalgia Rheumatica?
1 month of symptoms and elevated ESR
>80% of patients have markedly elevated ESR (often>100 mm/hour)
What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica associated with?
giant cell arteritis, possibly temporal arteritis
What is temporal Arteritis?
type of giant cell arteritis which is relatively a common form of vasculitis
Women>, Mean age at onset is 70.
Diagnosis is temporal artery biopsy
What can Temporal Arteritis result in if left untreated?
vision loss
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is a result of what ?
Loss of bone mass
Deterioration of cancellous bone architecture
What is the outcome of the skeletal structure in Osteoporosis?
Thinning of bone cortex and loss of trabeculae from cancellous bone
Leads to increased fracture risk
What is a common fracture seen in Osteoporosis?
vertebral compression fracture or hip fracture
Osteoporosis is a result of net loss of _________ relative to _________
bone formation, bone resorption
In Osteoporosis, what does the bone remodeling process do?
repairs damage to the skeleton and involvement in serum calcium maintenance.
Where Osteoporosis commonly located?
in areas with abundant cancellous bone, such as femoral neck and spine.
Loss of bone mass is greatest in early menopause in osteoporosis, what is the process that leads to this?
Decreased estrogen > increase in cytokine activity > stimulation of production of osteoclast precursors.
What are the two types of Osteoporosis?
Type 1: Caused by estrogen deficiency
Type 2 (“senile osteoporosis”): calcium deficiency
Acute osteomyelitis is a __________ infection. There is an open wound seeding through __________ spread, or ________ infection extension.
Bacterial, hematogenous spread, or skin
What are the clinical findings in Acute Osteomyelitis?
bone/joint pain, swelling, erythema
In Acute Osteomyelitis there is occlusion of the local blood vessels which leads to
bone necrosis and local spread of infection.
In Acute Osteomyelitis, Infection may expand through the bone cortex and spread under the periosteum which can lead to
abscesses that may drain through the skin.
What can develop in vertebral osteomyelitis?
paravertebral or epidural abscess can develop.
Define Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus (SLE), its causes and the two types.
Multisystem, chronic inflammatory disease
Cause unknown; autoimmune presence as immune systems of SLE patients generate autoantibodies against many tissue components
Two types: discoid (cutaneous involvement only) and systemic
Which population is SLE common in? and what is the age distribution?
Age: young adults with onset 15-64 years
children compromise 10-15% of cases
women
Ethnic predisposition
Native American
African American
Hispanic
Chinese
Filipino
What is the pathologic process of SLE?
activation of multiclonal B-cells > exaggerated production of antibodies and immune complex formation
Immune complexes are deposited in vascular and tissue surfaces, causing inflammation and injury
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) found in almost all SLE patients but is NOT specific
What is the pathophys of SLE?
Tissue damage by antibody and immune complex deposition
Autoantibodies form to cell nucleus components
What are the common symptoms of SLE?
Fatigue
Fever
Malaise
Weight loss
