Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Prep Study > MSK PANCE > Flashcards

MSK PANCE Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Unilateral

Morning stiffness get better within hour

then worsens throughout the day

DIP (Heberden), PIP (Bouchard)

Joint space narrowing, osteophytes

NSAIDS, Tylenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

ANTI CCP, RF, ESR / CRP

Morning stiffness last longer than an hour
Gets better through the day

Boutonniere/ Swan neck deformity
MCP/PIP (DIP is spared)
Boggy, warm, erythematous

Females 30-50

DMARD Methotrexate, Leflunomide, Hydroxychloroquine
TNF, -mab’s
Steroids for symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lupus

A

Anti smith
ANti DS DNA

Drug induced - Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Quinidine, Phenytoin, Procainamide, Methyldopa

NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine - joints
Steroids for flare ups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polymyositis

A

Weak muscles

Pelvic and shoulder issues

CPK Aldolase elevated, biopsy definitive

Anti Jo

Steroids, methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Pain stiffness

No weakness

Giant cell arteritis

ESR/CRP

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Nodules and necrosis
small medium arteries

Hep B/C

Livedo reticularis (lace like pattern)
Starburst pattern

ESR

ANCA usually negative

Glucocorticoids
cyclophosphamide (immunosuppressant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scleroderma

A

Women 30-50

SCl 70
Anti centromere
ANA

CREST
TIght shiny skin

Lifestyle
Treat symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sjogrens

A

Anti Ro
Anti La

High risk of non hodgkins

Schirmer test,
Rose Bengal Stain
Mononuclear cell infiltration on biopsy (salivary gland)

Artificial lubricants, cyclosporine (dry eyes)

Pilocarpine (cholinergic) (systemic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. Aureus, Salmonella (Sickle cell)

Children

Femur/Tibia

Bone Marrow biopsy

Surgical debridement
ABX (Vanc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Spine, HIp, Radius Fx
Vertebral Fx MC

Osteoclast increase (decrease in bone density)
Chronic steroids, elderly, menopausal, White

Dexa
Under -2.5 treat
Over 65
under 65 postmenopausal with risk
(-1.0 - -2.5 = osteopenia)

Aerobic weight bearing exercise
Calcium 1000mg, Vit D3 600mg
Bisphosphonate
HRT (estrogen)
PTH if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Displaced Humeral Head fracture

A

Axillary nerve injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

Golfer
Pronator teres / Flexor Carpi Radialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Tennis
Extensor carpi radialis Brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dequervains

A

Tenosynovitis

Finkelstein test

Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

Women, postpartum, DM
Repetitive motion

Pain at radial aspect of wrist

Thumb spica
NSAIDS, PT
Steroid inj

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

5 P’s
(MC injury to long bone)

Firm wood like

Compartment pressure over 30

CK / Myoglobin

Fasciotomy, Elevate limb while waiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic Osteomyelitis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sprain vs strain

A

Spain is ligament
Strain has a t - Tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Herniated Disk
C4

A

Shoulder Elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Herniated Disk
C5

A

Weak shoudler abduction
decreased bicep reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Herniated Disk
C5-C6

A

Weak elbow flex
Can’t curl
weak external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Herniated Disk
C6-C7

A

Decreased Tricep
First 3 digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Herniated Disk
C7-T1

A

Weak thumb to pinky
Weak finger grip
ring, pinky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Herniated Disk
Lumbar
L5-S1 MC

A

Sciatica
Pain, unilateral
radiates down leg from butt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Herniated Disk
Lumbar
L1

A

Inguinal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Herniated Disk
Lumbar
L2-L4

A

Spinal stenosis
anterior aspect of thigh
Diminished reflexes, knee jerk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Herniated Disk
Lumbar
L5

A

Lateral aspect of thigh
Reduced foot dorsiflexion, toe extension
Normal reflexes (only one with normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Herniated Disk
Lumbar
S1

A

Ankle jerk
Black Swan
Posterior thigh
Loss of sensory of plantar foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Neurosurg emergency

Retention more common

Herniated disc, Tumor, Abscess
L4-L5 Disc Herniation MC

Saddle anesthesia, Sphincter tone

MRI

Surg Emergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Humeral Shaft Fracture Nerve

A

Radial Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Humeral Head Fracture Displaced Nerve

A

Axillary Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Supracondylar fracture Nerve

A

Anterior interosseous nerve
Radial Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Radial head fracture nerve

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nursemaid elbow reduction

A

Radial head subluxation

Tx Supination and flexion
or Hyper pronation

Normal xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Monteggia Fx

A

Ulna
GRUM

(Radila Dislocation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Galeazzi Fx

A

Radial
GRUM

(Ulnar dislocation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hip dislocation

A

Short
Adduction
Internal rotation
Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hip Fracture

A

Short
Abduction
External rotation
Femoral Neck
Blood supply (Medial Circumflex femoral artery)
ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

Pain at
Lateral malleolus
Medial Malleolus
Navicular Pain
pain at 5th meta tarsal
cant walk 4 steps on exam

Gets Xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ankle fracture classification

A

Weber

Normal
A, B, or C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Jones fracture

A

Fx of diaphysis of 5th metatarsal

pain at Base of 5th meta tarsal
usually with weight bearing

non weight bearing short leg cast 6-8 weeks

Non weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Gout

A

Purines, ETOH, HCTZ

Rat bite lesions on imaging

Tx
Acute - NSAIDS, Colchicine

Chronic - Allopurinol (urate lowering)

Contraindicated
Loop, HCTZ, ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cat and dog bite bacteria

A

Pasteurella
Bartonella henselae

Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Child with limp and no cause

A

Rule out septic arthritis
Joint aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Mallett Finger

A

Avulsion of extensor tenson

Unable to extend DIP joint

DIP Tear, small avulsion fx

Splint for 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Boutinere

A

PIP tear
Splint 4-6 weeks
Jammed finger
Swan shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Shoulder dislocation nerve

A

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Knee dislocation Nerve

A

Common peroneal Nerve
(Popliteal Artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Open fracture ABX

A

Small get Ancef

Large gets Ancef and genta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Drug induced lupus antibody

A

Anti histone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Dermatomyositis Antibody

A

Anti Jo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

scoliosis dx

A

cobb angle >10 on Xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Henoch sholein comlication

A

Intussuseption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

flexor synovitis clinical dx

A

pain on passive extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

ACL Test most sensitive

A

Lachman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Meniscus tests

A

McMurray
Apley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Fibromyalgia lab test

A

All labs are normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Osteomyletits diagnostic labs

A

ESR/CRP

Blood cultures 50%

X-ray - Periosteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Knee MC, Hip MC in peds

S.Aureus - MCC
N. Gonorrhea - Sex
Strep pneumo - Kids
GBS - neonates

WBC >50000, Mostly Neutrophils
ESR/CRP

IV ABX - Ceftriaxone, Vanc, Nafcillian
Drain joint, debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Developmental hip dysplasia
Risk factors

A

Risks
Breech delivery
First born child
Females
Family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Barlow Maneuver

A

Dislocates the hip

Adduct fully flexed hip without downward pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Ortolani Maneuver

A

Reduces and puts hip back in

Abduction and elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Developmental hip dysplasia

A

ortolani and barlow

Done at every well check until walking (9months)

Can us US under 4 months

under 6 months - pavlik harness
over 6 months - surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Legg Calve Perthes

A

Idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head

Ages 4-10, Males, obesity (rare in AA)

Painless limp for weeks, worsens with activity

Loss of Abduction and internal rotation

Widening cartilage space
Positive crescent sign on x ray

Observation restrict activity
PT
Surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

SCFE

A

Displacement of the femoral head from femoral neck
(through growth plate)

age 8-16, obese, AA, commonly seen during puberty

Painful Limp worse with activity
Hip, groin, knee pain
Externally rotated leg

x-ray - posterior displacement of femoral epiphysis
(ice cream slipping off a cone)
Frog leg lateral pelvis view

Non weight bearing crutches then surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

MCL Test

A

Valgus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

LCL Test

A

Varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

ACL tear

A

Lachman - most sensitive
Anterior drawer - less useful

Hemarthrosis

MRI

RICE
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

PCL tear

A

Commonly associated with hitting the dashboard

Posterior drawer test

MRI

RICE, Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Meniscus tear

A

Medial 3 times more likely than lateral

Popping, Locking

Mcmurray test
Apley test

MRI

RICE
SURGERY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Patella fx

A

Direct trauma

limited knee extension

Sunrise view, cross table lateral view

Non displaced = immobilize, cast
displaced = surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

osgood schlatter

A

Inflammation of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle

due to overuse and repetitive knee extension and quad contraction

Males, ages 10-15, athletes

Pain during activity, knee pain and swelling (swelling at anterior tibial tubercle)
(Jumping)

Imaging not usually helpful

RICE
(surgery rare, but for refractory cases after growth plate is closed)

72
Q

Quad rupture

A

Patella is pulled down

73
Q

Patellar tendon rupture

A

pulled up by quad tendon

74
Q

Patellar dislocation

A

Valgus stress after twisting injury
Females

Apprehension sign (anxiety before quad contracts when pushed laterally)

Reduce while gently extending the leg
Immbolize

75
Q

Nightstick Fx

A

Isolated fracture of mid ulnar shaft

Short or long arm cast (depends on location)

76
Q

Knee dislocation

A

Emergency
Common peroneal nerve (foot drop)
Popliteal artery

77
Q

Femoral condyle fx Nerve

A

Peroneal nerve (foot drop)
Popliteal artery

Ortho, surg

78
Q

Tibial plateau fx nerve

A

Peroneal nerve (foot drop)
x-ray may not show
CT is best

79
Q

patella femoral syndrome

A

Runners, cyclists
overuse injury

knee pain around and behind patella
worse with hyperflexion, prolonged sitting standing, jumping etc

NSAIDS, RICE
PT

80
Q

IT Band syndrome

A

Runners, cyclists
overuse injury

Lateral knee pain
tender over lateral condyle

Worse with stairs, climbing

Positive Noble compression test, or Ober test

RICE
PT
Steroid injections

81
Q

MC ligament ankle sprain

A

ATF

82
Q

Achilles rupture

A

Fluoroquinolones
Thompson test

MRI

Splint in mid plantar flexion

Surgery

83
Q

Weber classification

A

Ankle fractures

Normal, A, B, or C

A is stable

B maybe stable or unstable Surg yes or no

C is unstable ORIF

84
Q

Maisonneuve fracture

A

spiral fracture of proximal third of fibula
with distal medial maleolar fracture

85
Q

Pilon fx

A

Fracture of distal tibia

Surg

86
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

flat feet or high arches

Pain with dorsiflexion

Worse in morning

RICE
NSAIDS

87
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Posterior tibial nerve compression

Pain and numbness in medial malleolus, heel and sole
Worsens throughout the day
does not improve with rest

Positive tinel sign (tapping on nerve at medial malleolus

RICE

Surg

88
Q

Neuropathic arthropathy (Charcot)

A

Joint damage and destruction as a result of peripheral neuropathy

decreased sensation, weakness

Joint and foot deformity, ulcer, skin changes

x ray - obliteration of joint space

RICE, special shoes

Surgery rare

89
Q

Mortons neuroma

A

Interdigital neuroma

Compression of interdigital nerve

women 25-50
Tight shoes, heels, flat feet

Burning pain between 3rd and 4th digits

Numbness paresthesia

RICE
Steroid injection
SUrgery

90
Q

Pseudo jones fx

A

More common than true jones fx

Fx through base of 5th metatarsal

Walking cast 2-3 weeks

If displaced ORIF

91
Q

Lisfranc Fx

A

Displaced metatarsal bones

Fleck sign

ORIF

92
Q

Salter harris fx

A

Type 1 straight
Type 2 Above
Type 3 Lower
Type 4 Through
Type 5 cRush

93
Q

Salter harris fx Type 1

A

Straight
Best

94
Q

Salter harris fx Type 2

A

Above
Most common

95
Q

Salter harris fx Type 3

A

Lower

96
Q

Salter harris fx Type 4

A

Through
Needs reduction

97
Q

Salter harris fx Type 5

A

Crush
Worst, can affect growth

98
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor

Most common bone malignancy in children

90% are long bone (distal femur)

MC is METS to lungs (MC cause of Death)

Bone pain, worse at night

X-ray = Sunburst, Hair on end

Biopsy is definitive

Chemo, SUrgery and amputation

99
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Cancer of cartilage
age 40-75

pain swelling, fx’s

x-ray = punctate or ring/arc appearance

Surg, Chemo

100
Q

Lumbar Spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of spinal canal (nerve impingement)

Pain walking down hill

Relieved with flexion or leaning over
(worse with extension)

No change with valsalva (unlike herniated disc)

Over 60

MRI

Steroid injection
Surgery

101
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

A

Males ages 5-25

Lung mets

Femur and pelvis

X ray - Onion skin, Lytic

Chemo, radiation

102
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign
Cartilage cap on bone cancer

Most common type of benign bone tumor.

Age 10-20, Males

X ray - Pedunculated

Observation

103
Q

Osteoid Osteoma

A

Benign

Nidus

Increasing pain worse at night

CT/MRI

NSAIDS relieve pain

104
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Women 20-50

All Labs normal

Must have 11 out of 18 Trigger points

TCA is first line

Duloxetine (SNRI)
Pregabalin

105
Q

DMARDS
Methotrexate

A

give folic acid (methotrexate)

Methotrexate affects liver

Test for HIV, Hep, TB (all DMARDS)

106
Q

What needs to be monitored with Hydroxychloroquie

A

Eyes

107
Q

Pex anserine

A

Gracilis
Sartorius
Semitendinosus

108
Q

Subacromial buristis

A

Reduced active ROM
Normal Passive ROM

Pain with Abduction of shoulder

Shoulder

109
Q

Frozen shoulder

A

Reduced active and passive ROM

110
Q

Impingement tests Shoulder

A

Neer
Hawkins

111
Q

Transient synovitis

A

Most common cause of limp in child
ages 3-10

Usually Post URI
Non traumatic
Rule out septic joint, Legg calve, SCFE

112
Q

Blount Disease

A

Most common cause of bow legs in children

113
Q

Is bow legs in children normal

A

Under 2 children can have bow legs

114
Q

Bankart lesion location

A

Inferior Anterior
Under

115
Q

Hill Sachs lesion

A

Superior Posterior
On top

116
Q

ABX for large open fracture

A

Keflex and Genta
(+/- MRSA)

117
Q

Kanavel sign

A

Flexor Tenosynovitis

Pain with passive extension
Tender
Flexed finger posture
Fat finger

118
Q

Most common rotator cuff injury

A

Supraspinatus

119
Q

SITS muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres Minor

120
Q

Test for sciatica

A

Straight leg,
Crossed leg test

(L2-L5)

121
Q

HLA B27

A

Ankalosing spondylitis
Reiters Syndrome

122
Q

Colles fracture

A

Median nerve
(thumb, index, middle fingers)

Fork deformity

Sugar tong splint

Extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture

123
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve

Diabetics, Women, pregnant

first 3 digits, worse at night

NSAIDS
Steroids
Surgery

Volar Splint

124
Q

TB of spine

A

Potts

125
Q

Sleep on arm (drunk) nerve

A

C7

126
Q

Night bone pain

A

Think Cancer

127
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Cancer affecting plasma cells of bone
IgG, IgM, IgA are affected

Most common bone cancer in adults over 65
Black males >65

Increased Calcium
Increased Protein

Vertebral Fx
Renal issues

Rouleaux

Punched out lesions

Stem Cell transplant, Chemo

128
Q

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

A

Inflammation of Joints, Bursa, Tendons

GIANT CELL ARTERITIS

Pain and stiffness

Shoulder and pelvic girdle

Increased ESR/CRP

Steroids

129
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Trauma, Statins Cocaine, seizure etc

Leads to Acute tubular necrosis

Muscle pain, weakness
Dark Urine

ECG - Hyperkalemia

UA, Dipstick
CK > 5 x times limit of normal

Hyperkalemia, Hypocalcemia

IV fluids lots
Sodium bicarb

Mannitol

Calcium gluconate for Hyper K

130
Q

Polymyositis

A

Muscle inflammation

WEAKNESS (no pain)

Shoulders and pelvis

CK/Aldolase is best initial test

Anti Jo, Anti SRP

Steroids

131
Q

Polymyalgia Rheumatica vs Polymyositis

A

Polymyositis is weakness

Polymyalgia rheumatica is normal strength (pain and stiffness)

132
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Derm issues with muscle inflammation

Associated with cancer 25%

Shoulder and hip weakness

Gottron’s papules (mechanics hands) (violaceous papules on dorsum of hand)
Heliotrope rash - Edema and blue color on upper eyelids
Shawl sign and Malar rash

Ck/Aldolase best initial test

ANTI Jo, Anti MI2
Biopsy is definitive

Steroids first line
Hydroxychloroquine for skin lesions
DMARDS

133
Q

SLE (Lupus)

A

Females 20-40, AA

Joints, Malar rash, Antiphospholipid syndrome,
Multiple system issues

ANA Screening
Anti DS DNA and Anti Smith specific for SLE

Pancytopenia
Antiphospholipid syndrome

Avoid UV, Hydroxychloroquine
Steroids, Pulse therapy IV steroids
DMARDS, Immunosuppresants

134
Q

Drug induced lupus

A

HIPPS Q - Hydralazine, isoniazid, Procainamide, phenytoin, Sulfas, Quinidine

SLE symptoms

Anti HIstone Antibodies

135
Q

Anti Phospholipid Syndrome

A

SLE

Risk of arterial and venous thrombosis (recurrent DVT/PE)
Livedo Reticularis

Anticardiolipin Antibodies
Increased PTT

Warfarin or anticoags if recurrent thrombosis
LMWH if pregnant

136
Q

Behcets Syndrome

A

Painful oral and genital ulcers
Erythema Nodosum
Uveitis
Asian/Middle eastern 20-40

Biopsy is definitive

Steroids

137
Q

Takayasu Arteritis

A

Aorta and branches (large vessel arteritis)

Women, Asian, 10-40

Lower extremity claudication, vascular issues
Bruits, low pulses, pulse difference in arms

Angiography

Steroids
Dmards
Revascularization

138
Q

Kawasaki

A

Small medium vessel arteritis

Boys under 5, asian

CRASH & Burn
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy
Strawberry Tongue
Hand and foot edema (swelling)
Burn - Fever for 5 days

ECG,
Coronary artery Aneurysm

IVIG + ASA

139
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Small medium Vessel vasculitis

This vasculitis does not involve lung vessels

HEP B/C

HTN (renal artery stenosis)
Ulcers, purpura, raynauds
Livedo reticularis (Starburst pattern)

ANCA is negative

Renal/Mesenteric angiography
Biopsy is definitive

Steroids
Cyclophosphamide

140
Q

Churg strauss

A

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Lungs MC affected

Asthma and eosinophilia (chronic Sinusitis)

P-ANCA positive with eosinophils

Steroids, Cyclophosphamide

141
Q

Wegeners

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (no eosinophils)

Triad - Nose, lungs, kidneys
URI, LRI, Glomerulonephritis

C-ANCA positive
biopsy is definitive, (large necrotizing granulomas)

Steroids, Cyclophosphamide

142
Q

Microscopic polyangitis

A

Capillary vasculitis

Palpable purpura
Similar to Wegeners but no URI symptoms

Biopsy is definitive, non granulomatous inflammation

Steroids, Cyclophosphamide

143
Q

Henoch Schonlein

A

90% ages 3-15

After URI
GABHS, Parvovirus

4 cardinal symptoms
Hematuria, Arthralgia, Palpable purpura, Abdominal pain

Purpura on butt and legs

Normal platelets, PT, PTT

Mesangial IgA

Supportive

144
Q

Goodpastures

A

Anti GBM Antibody
(type 2 sensitivity, type 4 collagen))

Lungs and kidneys

Hemoptysis, hematuria

UA

RBC Casts
Anti Glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Steroids + Cyclophosphamide + Plasmapheresis

145
Q

Psoriatic arthritis

A

Arthritis with Psoriasis

Looks like RA but includes DIP joint (symmetrical or unilateral)

Pencil in cup deformity (bony erosions)

NSAIDS 1st line
Methotrexate, TNF, Interleukin antagonists

146
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

HLA B27
Men 15-30

Back pain, stiffness
Worse in morning

Uveitis

ESR (neg RF and ANA)

Narrowing sacral joint
Bamboo spine (squaring and fusion of vertebrae)

MRI

NSAIDS, exercise, PT
Anti TNF (infliximab)

147
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

Reiter’s syndrome

Cant see, can’t pee, cant climb a tree

Arthritis, Conjunctivitis/uveitis, Urethritis

Lesions on palms and soles

Rule out septic arthritis

ESR, IgG

NSAIDS 1st line
Methotrexate sulfasalazine

148
Q

Alphafeto protein marker

A

Liver cancer
testicular cancer
Decreased in down syndrome

149
Q

Beta HCG Marker

A

Testicular cancer
Choriocarcinoma
Teratoma
Trophoblastic tumor

150
Q

Ca-125 Marker

A

Ovarian cnacer

151
Q

CA 19-9 Marker

A

Pancreatic cancer

152
Q

Calcitonin Marker

A

Medullary Thyroid cancer

153
Q

CEA Marker

A

Colon cancer
Rectal cancer

154
Q

PSA Marker

A

Prostate cancer

155
Q

Losartan in gout

A

Urate lowering

156
Q

Pseudogout

A

calcium deposits in joints

Positive birefringent rhomboid crystals

Large joints - Knee MC, Elbow, wrist, MCP joint

Rule out Septic joint, gout

Steroid injection
NSAIDS
Colchicine

157
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

Children under 16
must last over 6 weeks

Stills disease (fever, Salmon colored rash,

Anterior uveitis
Large joints - Knee, ankle etc

ESR/CRP

NSAIDS
Steroids

158
Q

Herniated disc

A

MC L5-S1

Positive straight leg raise, Crossed leg raise

MRI best

NSAIDS, continue normal activity
Steroid injection
Surgery

159
Q

Spinal abscess

A

Staph A MC
IV drug use, immunodeficiency

Fever, Spinal pain, Neurodeficits

MRI

Aspirate, drain
ABX - Vanc Plus Cefotaxime or rochepi

160
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curve of spine

Girls, family history, age 10

Adams forward bend test
Scoliometer - 7 degree

Xray - cobb angle of >10

Under 25 on Cobb = Observation
Over 25 bracing
Surg if over 40

161
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

compression of brachial plexus
women 20-50

Pain paraesthesia in forearm

Swelling discoloration with raising of arm

Positive adson sign (loss of radial pulse with rotation of head to affected side

Conservative, PT, Ortho consult

162
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Scottie dog
Pars interarticularis
failure to fue, stress fx

Low back pain with activity

163
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward slipping of vertebrae

Low back pain

164
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

SITS, Supraspinatus MC

Tendonitis MC under 40
Tear MC over 40

Hawkins, Neer, Drop arm,

165
Q

Adhesive capulitis

A

Frozen shoulder

DM and hypothyroid

Shoulder pain/stiffness
Decreased ROM (external rotation)

Worse at night

PT
NSAIDS

166
Q

Supracondylar fx

A

Anterior or posterior fat pad sign
Hemarthrosis

Median nerve and brachial artery injury can lead to volkmann contracture

Radial nerve injury

Long arm splint then long arm cast

167
Q

Flexor Tenosynovitis

A

Infection of finger sheath
Staph A MC
Penetrating trauma

Kanavel Sign
Pain with passive extension
Tender
Flexed finger posture
Fat finger

I & D
ABX

168
Q

Olecranon Buristis

A

Trauma

Rule out septic bursitis

Pad area, NSAIDS, Ace wrap

if Septic, drain + ABX

169
Q

Elbow Dislocation

A

Posterior MC

Emergent Reduction with posterior splint

170
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Ulnar nerve compression

Paraesthesia and pain along ulnar nerve
worse with flexion

+tineal elbow sign

171
Q

Scaphoid fx

A

Non displaced Thumb spica
Displaced surg

if xray neg - treat as fx splint and reeval or refer

172
Q

Smith Fx

A

Distal radius fx

Spoon shovel deformity

Stable - closed reduction
Sugar tong

ORIF

173
Q

CRPS

A

Complex regional pain syndrome

30% have no injury

Upper extremities, females, over 30

Pain out of proportion, edema, dysfunction

NSAIDS
PT, Nerve block, steroids, TCA

Vitamin C prophylaxis to reduce fx risk

174
Q

Gamekeepers thumb (skiers)

A

Ulnar collateral ligament of thumb sprain

Thumb spread wide

Thumb spica

175
Q

Boxer fx

A

5th metacarpal fx

Ulnar gutter splint

Augmentin for bite wound

176
Q

Bennett Fx

A

Metacarpal fx at base of thumb

Comminuted = rolando (shattered) (Y sign)

Thumb spica

177
Q

Dupuytren contracture

A

Men, over 40, white

Progressive Fibrosis of palmar fascia leading to contracture

Palpable nodule over palmar crease
Deformity of MCP joint

Steroid or collagen injection
Surgery

Prep Study (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions