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Prep Study > Misc Info PANCE > Flashcards

Misc Info PANCE Flashcards

1
Q

Pyloric stenosis labs

A

Dehydration
Hypochloremic
Hypokalemic
Metabolic alkalosis
High bicarb

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2
Q

What tumor in MG

A

Thymoma

Descending weakness

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3
Q

When do you see ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A

Peds

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4
Q

TX for epididymitis

A

Cef and doxy

Cipro if older

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5
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Abscence of menarche at 15
+secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

Uterine leiomyomata tx

A

GNRH antagonist
Leuprolide

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7
Q

Zoster most common location

A

Torso

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8
Q

Lower limb Measurement

A

ASIS to Medial malleolus

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9
Q

Allergic rhinitis tx

A

2nd gen antihistamine
nasal steroid

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10
Q

Schwanoma location

A

Cerebellopontine angle

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11
Q

Meningioma more common in who

A

women

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12
Q

What S/S wont primary TB likely have

A

Dyspnea

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13
Q

Describe giant cell arteritis physical findings

A

tender, nodular, pulsless vessel

age 50-80

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14
Q

Epstein barr transmission

A

oral secretions

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15
Q

Acid base disorder of metformin

A

Lactic acidosis

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16
Q

Dose of amox for under 5

A

90mg/kg/day

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17
Q

cancer assosicated with lambert eaton

A

Small cell

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18
Q

Does tennis elbow need imaging

A

no, unless there is a complication

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19
Q

MCC of otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas

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20
Q

ECG change with hypercalcemia

A

Short QT

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21
Q

ECG change with hypocalcemia

A

Long QT

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22
Q

Lung tumor and hyper calcemia think what lab

A

PTHp

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23
Q

In advanced CKD what diuretic

A

Loop is better than HCTZ

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24
Q

Likely exam finding i boerhaave vs mallory weiss

A

Boerhaave will have chest pain

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25
Q

Pulse finding in Aortic stenosis

A

Pulsus tardus
Slow or delayed carotid upstroke

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26
Q

Things that make you think bone cancer

A

Pain at night
Alk phos up with normal ggt

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27
Q

Odd things about osteosarcoma

A

Shoe size increasse after puberty

Hearing loss

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28
Q

St depression numbers

A

0.05mv
in 2 contiguous leads

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29
Q

How does BB affect the heart

A

Reduces the effects of circulating catecholamines

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30
Q

Transient synovitis is worse when

A

worse in morning after rest
(same as JRA)

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31
Q

Gilberts disease

A

Conjugation problem
Mildly reduced UDP (poor bili conjugation)
Usually asymptomatic but can be triggered by stress
ie marathons etc

Transient jaundice
slightly high unconjugated bili (normal lft’s)

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32
Q

Choledocolythiasis

A

Common bile duct obstruction
High conjugated bili
ERCP

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33
Q

Ear infections and pacifiers

A

can increase ear infections

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34
Q

Acute bronchitis MCC

A

Virus

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35
Q

Lyme prophylaxis after tick bite

A

200mg doxy one time

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36
Q

ecg change associated with dig tox

A

av blocks

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37
Q

U wave

A

Hypokalemia

U wave

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38
Q

Q wave

A

Prior MI

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39
Q

T wave inversion

A

Ischemia

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40
Q

Hyperkalemia in CKD s/s

A

Muscle weakness,
Nausea
Arrhythmias
palpitations

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41
Q

What common disorders can you see hypokalemia in

A

Diabetes
Hypothyroid

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42
Q

DM Prevetion

A

Daily foot exam
Yearly MD foot exam
Yearly eye exam
Yearly UA

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43
Q

Tx for Heavy OB bleeding

A

TXA

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44
Q

Most aggressive melanoma

A

Nodular Melanoma
has high rate of mets
most aggressive

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45
Q

Bipolar treatment

A

Lithium first line

Carbamazepine 2nd

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46
Q

Disease associated with Giant cell arteritis

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

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47
Q

Diaper rash that wont get better

A

zinc deficiency

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48
Q

Invasive lobular vs invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer

A

Ductal has a palpable mass

Ductal MC (75%)

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49
Q

Gold standard for bladder cancer

A

cystoscopy

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50
Q

PKU foods

A

Avoid
Red meat, milk, grain, vegetables

(rash on flexors, knees, elbows,)
Musky urine smell

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51
Q

When to test TPO

A

Hypothyroid

Test TSH first
Then T4
Then TPO

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52
Q

Lyme disease stage times

A

Stage 1 - immediate
Stage 2 - after months (12 weeks)
Stage 3 - 1 year

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53
Q

Lyme disease stage 1

A

Mild, flu like symptoms
Single target lesion
(erythema migrans)

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54
Q

Lyme disease stage 2

A

After months
Rash with multiple lesions
Join, muscle, msk aches
HA, fatigue

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55
Q

Lyme disease stage 3

A

after a year
Neuropsych symptoms
Rheum symptoms

(MSK, joint, muscle aches remain)

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56
Q

Orthostatic hypotension and infection

A

It can increase infection

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57
Q

Type 1 DM can be seen in what common disorder

A

Thyroid
Graves or hashimoto

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58
Q

Where do you see a nidus

A

Osteoid osteoma

(gets better quick with NSAIDS

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59
Q

Type of picornavirus

A

Coxsackie

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60
Q

Type of flavivirus

A

West nile, yellow fever, dengue

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61
Q

Difference between tietze and costocondritis

A

Tietze will have palpable edema

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62
Q

G6PD bili labs

A

G6PD causes hemolysis - too much unconjugated bili in blood

UDP can only conjugate the normal amount so that keeps conjugated at a normal level but still leaves too much unconjugated in blood

Hemolysis will show increased hemoglobin in urine

Unconjugated Bilirubin up
Conjugated bilirubin down
Urine hemoglobin up

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63
Q

Meningitis prophylaxis for contacts

A

Rifampin

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64
Q

What can myopia lead to

A

(nearsightedness)

Glaucoma
Retinal Detachment

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65
Q

Riedel thyroiditis

A

Wood like, firm, hard mass, doesn’t move

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66
Q

Pretibial myxedema is associated with

A

Hyperthyroid

67
Q

Viral bronchiolitis tx

A

Supportive
Saline flush
Nasal flush
bulb suction

68
Q

Type of stone associated with UTI

A

Struvite

69
Q

WHen is IV pyelogram used

A

Almost never,
outdated

70
Q

When don’t we use CT urogram

A

Peds due to radiation

71
Q

What is first line in bedwetting over 5

A

UA
rule out pathologic causes

72
Q

First step when suspected CAUTI

A

Remove catheter
After cultures

73
Q

OA imaging findings

A

Joint space narrowing
osteophytes
Sclerosis

74
Q

RA imaging findings

A

periarticular erosions

75
Q

Risk factor for neisseria meningitis

A

Smoking

76
Q

TMS in schizophrenia works for what S/S

A

hallucinations

77
Q

Diphenhydramine MOA

A

Blocks histamine receptor sites

78
Q

What is PCT dysfunction (kidney)

A

Fanconi syndrome

SUgar and protein are lost in urine

79
Q

Patho for Asthma

A

Chronic inflammation
superimposed bronchospasm

80
Q

Where in brain does NPH occur

A

Corona Radiata

Drink corona, get wet wacky and wobbly

81
Q

MC viral conjuntivitis

A

Adenovirus

82
Q

MC arrhythmia after cardiac surgery

A

AFIB

83
Q

What do SERM, aromatse and tamoxifen target

A

estrogen and progesterone receptors

Don’t work on trile negative

84
Q

Varicose vein tx

A

Supportive (stockings, elevation etc)
Laser
Stripping

85
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri tx

A

Acetazolamide
Shunt if tx fails

(idiopathic intracranial HTN)
CSF pressure increase without cause

Papilledema
Cranial nerve 6 palsy (diplopia)

86
Q

Next step if UTI treatment with ABX fails even though susceptible

A

CT
Think obstruction (ABX cant reach bacteria)

87
Q

Overdose with agitation and “bug” hallucination

A

think cocaine

88
Q

Dubin johnson has elevated what

A

coproparphoryin

Increased total bili
increased Conjugated bili (mildly)

Normal LFT’s

Transport problem
Bili gets conjugated at normal rate but then builds up

Black liver on biopsy

89
Q

What common meds are colorectal cancer protective

A

ASA
Cox 2 inhibitors

90
Q

How does theophyline affect ECT

A

lowers seizure threshold
(contraindicated)

91
Q

Meds contraindicated in ECT

A

Theophylline
BB
Lidocaine
DM meds
insulin

92
Q

What is serous otitis media associated with

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction

93
Q

Cell count in Appendicitis

A

Elevated WBC
Elevated Neutrophils
Elevated Bands

(left shift)

94
Q

Gestational DM tx

A

Lifestyle and diet
Insulin
Glyburide
Metformin

(all 3 considered first line)

95
Q

Sarcoidosis common findings

A

INcreased ACE
Increased Calcium
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
non-Caseating granulomas

Dry cough
Lupus perino (Face rash)
Erythema nodosum

96
Q

Lofgren syndrome

A

Sarcoidosis

Triad
Erythema nodosum
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
polyarthralgia with fever

97
Q

Infant with painless blood in stool (flecks)

A

Meckles diverticulum
Tec 99 scan
Surgery

98
Q

Pituitary tumor tx

A

Bromocriptine first (dopamine agonist)
Surgery if needed

99
Q

TPA absolute contraindications (7 of them)

A

Prior intracranial hemorrhage
Brain AV malformations
Brain cancer/tumor
Ischemic stroke with last 3 months
Aortic dissection
Active bleed, bleeding dialysis cath
Significant trauma within 3 months

100
Q

Boerhaave imaging

A

Water soluble esophagram

101
Q

Can ECT be used on adolescents

A

Yes, same as adults

102
Q

What can OSA lead to?

A

Pulmonary HTN

103
Q

Decreasing what electrolyte can help with reducing calcium stones

A

Sodium

104
Q

Brown sequard

A

ipsilateral (same side)
Motor, vibratory, proprioception deficiencies

contralateral
Pain and temp deficiencies

penetrating trauma to spinal cord
Deficiencies below injury

105
Q

Von willebrand

A

MC heritable bleeding disorder

Factor 8

Young Females
Gum teeth bleeding, epistaxis, bleeding
Heavy menstruation

desmopressin
Von willie factor
Factor 8

106
Q

PE tx

A

LMWH
Heparin

107
Q

Turner syndrome

A

Females missing an X (normal female is XX)

Short, webbed neck,
Coarctation, horsehoe kidney, ovarian failure

Lack of secondary sex charcterisitcs

Labs - Low estrogen, High FSH, LH

45X
or 46XX, 46XY

108
Q

Klinefelters

A

Males with extra X (normal males are XY)

Tall, thin,
Gynecomastia, small testes
high testicular cancer, breast cancer

Labs
Low testosterone,
High FSH,LH, Estradiol

Tx Testosterone may help

47XXY

109
Q

Fragile X

A

Autism related
Males
Large ears, large testes
long narrow face
poor intellect

110
Q

Down

A

Trisomy 21 MC genetic disorder
Flat face, epicanthal folds, simian crease
brushfield spots (spots on iris)
AV septal defects, TOF,PDA
Hirschsprung, early onset alzheimer’s

111
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions
Type 1

A

IgE (histamine)

Anaphylaxis
insect bites, stings
allergic dermatitis
peanut allergy

Eosinophils

112
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions
Type 2

A

Cytotoxic
Antibodies attack one place, one type of cell

MG, Graves, Goodpastures
Bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus bulgaris
Graft vs host, Transfusion reaction

IgG and IgM

113
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions
Type 3

A

Immune complex reaction
Attack all over body, widespread

Lupus, Rheumatic fever, RA
Polyarteritis nodosa
Post strep acute glomerular nephritis

IgG and IgM

114
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions
Type 4

A

T Helper cells
No antibodies

Delayed, takes a while to see

Anything that makes a granuloma
ie sarcoidosis, TB, Fungal pneumonia
Erythema multiform, Scarlet fever, TB skin test
Poison Ivy, Contact irritant (non allergic)

115
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Fungal infection
Garden and house plants, soil, compost
Type 1 hypersensitivity (IgE)

occurs in Asthma, Bronchiectasis and CF patients
Coughing up brown mucous plugs

Septa hypah with 45 degree branching

Steroids
itraconazole
Chest physio

Voriconazole

116
Q

Stemi elevation numbers

According to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for STEMI

A

New ST elevation at j point in 2 contiguous leads

1 millimeter elevation in any two contiguous leads, except leads V2 or V3, where the elevation must be 2 mm in men or 1.5 mm in women.

Men
>2 mm elevation in V2,V3
>1mm in all other leads

Females
>1.5 mm elevation in V2,V3
>1mm in all other leads

New LBBB

117
Q

Labs in osteoporosis

A

All normal

If acute fracture Alk phos up

118
Q

Labs in pagets

A

High alk phos

Everything else normal

119
Q

Calcium phospahte relationship

A

opposites

If calcium is up
Phos is down

120
Q

Potassium and Magnesium relationship

A

Same
if one is down, they are both down

121
Q

MC location for ectopic

A

Ampulla

122
Q

When can resume sex after chlamydia

A

7 days after treatment

123
Q

What is affrim test for

A

Vaginosis

124
Q

Chlamydia first line tx

A

doxy

125
Q

What can pathogen cause PDA at birth

A

TORCH viruses

126
Q

WHat to look for with hyperemesis gravida

A

Molar pregnancy

127
Q

Post partum endometriosis tx

A

Clinda and genta (broad spectrum)

128
Q

MC risk of Placenta Previa

A

Multiparity

129
Q

Balanitis tx

A

Clotrimazole
(common in diabetics)

130
Q

Septic Abortion tx

A

Unasyn (amp/sulbac)
Evacuate uterine contents

131
Q

What anti coag is best in pregnancy

A

LMWH
(reduces mortality)

132
Q

Chorioamnionitis tx

A

Give ABX as soon as possible
even before birth

133
Q

Lagopthalmos

A

Eye lid inability to close
(bells palsy)

134
Q

Otosclerosis associations

A

Pregnancy
Women
conductive Hearing loss

Autosomal dominant disorder

135
Q

Peritonsilar abscess first line

A

I&D

136
Q

GIant cell arteritis diagnosis

A

Biopsy

137
Q

MC otitis media bacteria

A

Strep Pneumo

Amoxicillin

138
Q

Key difference between croup and epiglottitis exam

A

Epiglottitis patients appear toxic

Croup patients do not

139
Q

Diarrhea with conjunctivitis think

A

Adenovirus

140
Q

Acute angle glaucoma tx

A

Timilol
Apraclonidine
pilocarpine
iridotomy

141
Q

Acute bacterial parotitis tx

A

Unasyn (ampicillin sulbactam)

142
Q

Tonsillar abscess MC bacteria

A

Strep Pyogenes (Group A)

143
Q

Conductive hearing loss findings

A

Bone conduction is longer than air
(sound waves can’t get in)

Weber goes towards the wax blockage

144
Q

Ramsey hunt

A

Zoster Oticus
Facial nerve

Facial paralysis
Ear pain
vesicles in and around ear canal

Valacyclovir and prednisone

145
Q

Dendritic lesion on eye

A

Herpes Keratitis

146
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder

A

Bad kid (not criminal)

147
Q

Conduct disorder

A

Criminal kid
leads to antisocial personality when older

148
Q

What is avoided in anorexia/bulimia due to seizure risk

A

Wellbutrin (bupropion)

149
Q

When do you see kidney scarring

A

HIV
Focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis

150
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidsim

A

overproducing PTH
Breaking down bone
Releasing calcium

High PTH, High Calcium

151
Q

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Chroniclly low clacium (can be due to lifestyle)

constantly producing PTH to compensate

High PTH low calcium

152
Q

Tertiary Hyperparthyroidism

A

High PTH
High Calcium
High Phosphate

(phos should be low due to opposite of calcium but kidney isn’t working to remove it)

153
Q

Primary prevention

A

implementing something before any evidence that a disease exists

Exercise, low fat diet,
well lit house to reduce risk of fracture
Colon cancer at 40

154
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Have disease (diagnosed)

Make sure through screening you don’t become symptomatic

no symptoms
Osteoporosis - dexa scan, calcium, vitamin D etc
USPTF Screening tests, statins, doac with afib
DM foot exam

155
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

intervention after disease and symptoms
Prevent disease from worsening

Chronic HTN - ACE
Disease treatment

156
Q

Hep B sero

A

Surface antigen positive (infected)
Acute or chronic
If core antibody is positive IgM is acute, IgG is chronic

Surface antigen negative
look at surface antibody if positive (vaccinated)

Past infection (recovered)
Surface antibody and core both positive

Surface antigen, antibody, core all neg (unvaccinated)

157
Q

calcium and magnesium relationship

A

Same, One up both up

158
Q

Rotor Syndrome

A

Transport problem like dubin johnson

Mild elevation in conjugated and unconjugated bili

No black liver on biopsy

159
Q

GCS General numbers

A

Eyes 1-4
Verbal 1-5
Motor 1-6

160
Q

GCS eyes

A

1-4
No eye opening = 1
To pain = 2
To verbal = 3
Spontaneous = 4

161
Q

GCS Verbal

A

1-5
No response = 1
Incomprehensible sounds = 2
Inappropriate words = 3
Confused = 4
Oriented = 5

162
Q

GCS motor

A

1-6
No motor response = 1
Extension to pain = 2
Flexion to pain = 3
Withdrawals from pain = 4
Localizes Pain = 5
Obeys commands = 6

163
Q

Hyperkalemia Wave progression

A

Hyperacute T wave,
Widening QRS
Flattening P wave (prolonged PR)
Sine Wave

Prep Study (10 decks)

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