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Clinical Medicine I > MSK Mechanisms of Action > Flashcards

MSK Mechanisms of Action Flashcards

1
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Direct or tension force

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2
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Indirect, compression, or angulation force

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3
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Twisting movment thorugh long bone axis as result of rotation or shear forces

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4
Q

Butterfly Fracture

A

indirect force

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5
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Bending force applied perpendicular to shaft

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6
Q

Buckle Fracture

A

FOOSH

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7
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

Abnormal tensile stress on ligament/tendons

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8
Q

Sprain

A

Inversion

Eversion

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9
Q

Strain

A

Overextension or overstretching

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10
Q

Ligament Rupture

A

Valgus stress or direct fall onto joint

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11
Q

AC Joint Injury

A

Direct force to lateral aspect of shoulder with arm adducted

Acromion is driven inferiorly and medially with respect to the clavicle

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12
Q

SC Joint Dislocation

A

Fall on abducted and extended arm

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13
Q

Proximal Humerus Injury

A

In elderly –> fall from standing

Direct blow or violent muscle contraction like seizure

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14
Q

Shoulder Dislocation

A

Posterior –> Falls from height, epileptic seizures, or electric shocks

Atraumatic –> ligament laxity or repetitive microtrauma

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15
Q

Impingement Syndrome

A

Partial RC tears

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16
Q

Rotator Cuff Tear

A

Acute –> FOOSH or pulling on shoulder

Chronic –> repetitive injuries with overhead movement and lifting

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17
Q

SLAP lesion

A

FOOSH

Throwing sports atheletes

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18
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Triggered by minimal or no trauma

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19
Q

Calcific Tendonitis

A

Deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite within substance of tendon

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20
Q

Mid-shaft humerus fracture

A

Trauma by direct blow, bending force, or FOOSH

21
Q

Elbow Fracture

22
Q

Radial head Fracture

A

FOOSH with abducted arm and minimal or moderate flexion of the elbow joint

23
Q

Olecranon Fracture

A

Direct blow = comminuted

Indirect blow –> Fall onto outstretched upper extremity

24
Q

Elbow Dislocation

A

Posterior dislocation occurs after a fall onto extended arm
Hperextension
Posterolateral rotation

25
Lateral Epicondylitis
Extensor tendons of forearm
26
Medial Epicondylitis
Flexor tendons of forearm | Pronator teres and FCR
27
Both Bones Forearm Fracture
Direct trauma while protecting ones head | Indirect trauma from MVAs, falls from height, or athletic competition
28
Colles Fracture
FOOSH
29
Smith Fracture
Fall onto flexed wrist | Direct blow to back of wrist
30
Hip Fractures
Fall from standing position in patients >50 | High velocity trauma in younger patients
31
Greater Trochanteric Bursitis
Minor direct trauma over greater trochanter
32
Femoral Acetabular Impingement
Cam Bone Spur | Pincer Bone Spur
33
Femur Fracture
High energy/velocity injuries like MVA or fall from height
34
Tibial Plateau Fracture
HIgh energy/deceleration injury
35
Segond Fracture
Falls | Sports like skiing, basketball, and baseball
36
patella fracture
Acute --> direct trauma to anterior patella like dashboard injury or sudden forceful contraction of quad muslces Direct blow to patella After ACL reconstruction or total knee replacement from patella being shaved too thin
37
Quad Tendon Rupture
Forced flexion against resistance/extension | Person jumping down onto deck of boat as it is coming up toward him from water
38
Maisonneuve Fracture
Combination of spiral fracture of proximal fibula with ankle injury Rupture of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis Deltoid ligament disruption Inversion and plantar flexion of foot
39
ACL tear
Valgus stress to knee or distal thigh with ipsilateral foot planted Non-contact like jumping, pivoting, or deceleration
40
Medial Collateral Ligament Tear
Valgus type force directed at lateral knee
41
Patella Femoral Syndrome
Lateral mal-tracking of patella during flexion and extension Relative weakness of vastus medialis obliques vs. other quad muscles Tightness of IT band
42
Meniscus Tears
Acute injuries occur with a "twisting" or rotational movement of a flexed knee during sports with foot planted
43
Tibia Fracture
High energy deceleration injury Falls MVCs Direct impact to Tibia
44
Ankle Fracture
Occurs when foot is planted on ground/surface and body sustains rotational force External rotation causes spiral fracture of fibula Greater force can cause medial malleolus fracture Abduction forces lead to transverse fracture of fibula and avulsion fracture of medial malleolus
45
Ankle Sprain
Turning ankle during fall or after landing on irregular surface INVERSION and PLANTARFLEXION = Anterior talofibular ligament EVERSION = deltoid ligament
46
Calcaneous Fracture
High energy deceleration injuries such as MVA or fall from height May also cause lumbar back pain from compression fracture
47
5th metatarsal avulsion fracture
Forcible inversion of foot in plantar flexion | Force pulls at insertion of peroneous brevis
48
Jones Fracture
Results of significant adduction force to forefoot with ankle in plantar flexion
49
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Traumatic injury during sports Sudden forced plantarflexion Violent dorsiflexion in plantar flexed foot

Clinical Medicine I (15 decks)

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