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Clinical Medicine I > MSK Mechanisms of Action > Flashcards

MSK Mechanisms of Action Flashcards

1
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Direct or tension force

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2
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Indirect, compression, or angulation force

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3
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Twisting movment thorugh long bone axis as result of rotation or shear forces

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4
Q

Butterfly Fracture

A

indirect force

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5
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Bending force applied perpendicular to shaft

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6
Q

Buckle Fracture

A

FOOSH

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7
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

Abnormal tensile stress on ligament/tendons

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8
Q

Sprain

A

Inversion

Eversion

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9
Q

Strain

A

Overextension or overstretching

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10
Q

Ligament Rupture

A

Valgus stress or direct fall onto joint

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11
Q

AC Joint Injury

A

Direct force to lateral aspect of shoulder with arm adducted

Acromion is driven inferiorly and medially with respect to the clavicle

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12
Q

SC Joint Dislocation

A

Fall on abducted and extended arm

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13
Q

Proximal Humerus Injury

A

In elderly –> fall from standing

Direct blow or violent muscle contraction like seizure

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14
Q

Shoulder Dislocation

A

Posterior –> Falls from height, epileptic seizures, or electric shocks

Atraumatic –> ligament laxity or repetitive microtrauma

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15
Q

Impingement Syndrome

A

Partial RC tears

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16
Q

Rotator Cuff Tear

A

Acute –> FOOSH or pulling on shoulder

Chronic –> repetitive injuries with overhead movement and lifting

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17
Q

SLAP lesion

A

FOOSH

Throwing sports atheletes

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18
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Triggered by minimal or no trauma

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19
Q

Calcific Tendonitis

A

Deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite within substance of tendon

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20
Q

Mid-shaft humerus fracture

A

Trauma by direct blow, bending force, or FOOSH

21
Q

Elbow Fracture

A

FOOSH

22
Q

Radial head Fracture

A

FOOSH with abducted arm and minimal or moderate flexion of the elbow joint

23
Q

Olecranon Fracture

A

Direct blow = comminuted

Indirect blow –> Fall onto outstretched upper extremity

24
Q

Elbow Dislocation

A

Posterior dislocation occurs after a fall onto extended arm
Hperextension
Posterolateral rotation

25
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

A

Extensor tendons of forearm

26
Q

Medial Epicondylitis

A

Flexor tendons of forearm

Pronator teres and FCR

27
Q

Both Bones Forearm Fracture

A

Direct trauma while protecting ones head

Indirect trauma from MVAs, falls from height, or athletic competition

28
Q

Colles Fracture

A

FOOSH

29
Q

Smith Fracture

A

Fall onto flexed wrist

Direct blow to back of wrist

30
Q

Hip Fractures

A

Fall from standing position in patients >50

High velocity trauma in younger patients

31
Q

Greater Trochanteric Bursitis

A

Minor direct trauma over greater trochanter

32
Q

Femoral Acetabular Impingement

A

Cam Bone Spur

Pincer Bone Spur

33
Q

Femur Fracture

A

High energy/velocity injuries like MVA or fall from height

34
Q

Tibial Plateau Fracture

A

HIgh energy/deceleration injury

35
Q

Segond Fracture

A

Falls

Sports like skiing, basketball, and baseball

36
Q

patella fracture

A

Acute –> direct trauma to anterior patella like dashboard injury or sudden forceful contraction of quad muslces

Direct blow to patella

After ACL reconstruction or total knee replacement from patella being shaved too thin

37
Q

Quad Tendon Rupture

A

Forced flexion against resistance/extension

Person jumping down onto deck of boat as it is coming up toward him from water

38
Q

Maisonneuve Fracture

A

Combination of spiral fracture of proximal fibula with ankle injury
Rupture of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
Deltoid ligament disruption
Inversion and plantar flexion of foot

39
Q

ACL tear

A

Valgus stress to knee or distal thigh with ipsilateral foot planted

Non-contact like jumping, pivoting, or deceleration

40
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Tear

A

Valgus type force directed at lateral knee

41
Q

Patella Femoral Syndrome

A

Lateral mal-tracking of patella during flexion and extension

Relative weakness of vastus medialis obliques vs. other quad muscles

Tightness of IT band

42
Q

Meniscus Tears

A

Acute injuries occur with a “twisting” or rotational movement of a flexed knee during sports with foot planted

43
Q

Tibia Fracture

A

High energy deceleration injury
Falls
MVCs
Direct impact to Tibia

44
Q

Ankle Fracture

A

Occurs when foot is planted on ground/surface and body sustains rotational force

External rotation causes spiral fracture of fibula

Greater force can cause medial malleolus fracture

Abduction forces lead to transverse fracture of fibula and avulsion fracture of medial malleolus

45
Q

Ankle Sprain

A

Turning ankle during fall or after landing on irregular surface

INVERSION and PLANTARFLEXION = Anterior talofibular ligament

EVERSION = deltoid ligament

46
Q

Calcaneous Fracture

A

High energy deceleration injuries such as MVA or fall from height
May also cause lumbar back pain from compression fracture

47
Q

5th metatarsal avulsion fracture

A

Forcible inversion of foot in plantar flexion

Force pulls at insertion of peroneous brevis

48
Q

Jones Fracture

A

Results of significant adduction force to forefoot with ankle in plantar flexion

49
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture

A

Traumatic injury during sports
Sudden forced plantarflexion
Violent dorsiflexion in plantar flexed foot

Clinical Medicine I (15 decks)

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