MSK injuries

Question 1

Extrinsic risk factors

Answer 1

"Some type of change" 
Type of activity 
amount of activity
volume 
intensity 
frequency 
technique 
equipment 
environment/ terrain

Question 2

Intrinsic Risk Factors

Answer 2

Age - overuse and older = more susceptible for tendon issues
Gender - women more likely to get osteoarthritis
Hyper - hypoflexibility. excessive strain on ligaments joint capsules etc
Muscle weakness or imbalance
Joint instability.
Altered health state.

Question 3

Musculoskeletal

Answer 3

Genetic disorders
metabolic and endocrine
rheumatic
injury

Question 4

Injury

Answer 4

Damage to cellular structure of human tissue resulting from the application of mechanical stress.

Mechanical stress amount of force acting within a structure

MS = beneficial - bone can get stronger
Injurious - too much

Question 5

3 types of stress

Answer 5

compression stress - particles push against each other
Tension - particle pulled away from each other
shear stress - slide relative to each other

Question 6

5 loading patterns

Answer 6

Compression load - boxer getting punched - compression stretch.
tension - Ankle sprain - foot goes one way leg goes the other
shearing - blister
bending - outside of bend particles pulled about, inside of bend particles squashed together - achilles tendon injury - creates all three types of stress
torsional load - twisting - creates all three types of stress

Question 7

Stress strain curve

Answer 7

Stress produces strain
Apply load - stress increases go too far reaches tissue tolerance If you go too far you go to plastic region -= failure point

Question 8

Acute traumatic

Answer 8

single episode of stress exceeds a tissues tolerance creating macrotrauma - see it and feel it.

Question 9

Acute Traumatic injury on Stress strain curve

Answer 9

produced when stress is applied is greater than elastic limit (Tissue tolerance)

Question 10

Chronic overuse

Answer 10

results from a repetitive application of stress at levels less than a tissues tolerance (Microtrauma)

Question 11

Chronic overuse - Stress strain curve

Answer 11

dependent on magnitude of stresses
total number of stress peaks
interval between stresses (recovery period)
For a runner - how often, how long for?

Question 12

Classification of Injury

Answer 12

Acute Traumatic
Chronic overuse
acute injury predisposed by overuse (as tissue gets weaker an acute injury is more likely to happen)

Question 13

Types of tissue

Answer 13

Ligaments 
Tendons 
Joint capsule
muscles
bone 
hyaline cartlage - smooth line ends of joint to reduce friction
fibro-cartilage - grisly and tough - menisci - disk in back
Nerves - incorporates peripheral nerves