Massage Flashcards
Positives (5) and Negatives of oils (6)
Positives: reduces friction and enhances gliding
protects skin from being overstretched
aids skin nutrition
oils- effect warming, relaxation
Negatives: Messy/slippy talc can irritate lungs allergies stain clothing price Prevents control when doing deep massage
Deep Transverse friction - what do they treat?
Tendinopathy, ligament lesions, muscles strains and promote scar healing.
DTF claim to?
induce traumatic hyperemia - helps to evacuate pain triggering metabolites
mvmt of affected structure prevents or destroys adhesion and helps optimize the quality of scar tissue and mechanoreceptor stimulation.
stimulation of mechanoreceptors produce a quantity of afferent impulses which stimulate temporary analgesia =.
Fibroplastic proliferation - responsible for repair and regeneration of collagen
realignment of collagen fibres, determined by the magnitude of applied pressure.
What are DTF followed by
stretching or manipulation of the treated tissue
DTF contraindications (not including the general CI for massage as a whole) - 5
Specific to DTF: Acutely inflamed tissue ossification or calcification of soft tissue rheumatoid tendinous lesion local sepsis skin disease
Massage contraindications (10)
open wounds skin disorders - bacterial/fungal recent fracture or over areas of active bone growth acute inflammation - 4 days DVT Varicose veins undiagnosed cancer bleeding disorders diabetes (precaution) - If decreased peripheral circulation and sensation inability to consent
Trigger point release
2 types
Active: Direct cause of pain
local/referred
associated weakness, paraesthesia and temperature change.
Latent: Clinically silent but pain on palpation
affect muscle length and activation
can become active if stimulated.
What is a TP?
small spots within a muscle when fibers are in state of constant contraction
TP - what causes them
Single episode of unaccustomed activity cumulative process (excessive, repetitive or static loading) poor habitual posture direct trauma underlying condition - arthritis other trigger points stress or emotional stress depression
Energy crisis
muscles ability to flush itself of undesirable elements cant get pushed out quick enough which causes a build up of the toxins in the muscle. Causes spasm within the little area of muscle - locking of myosin actin bridges - small are a of muscle which is in constant contraction. Therefore constantly producing bi-products of muscular contraction but constriction of blood vessels going through the area so it cant be flushed out very quickly
Motor end plate
Excessive release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the presynaptic motor nerve terminal.
ACh released into the synaptic cleft rapidly activates nicotinic ACh receptors on the post synaptic muscle membrane, leading to muscle action potential and contraction.
Increased noise on EMG placed in post synaptic muscle fibres
Central sensitivity
Key aspect of TrP is its referred pain: intensity and size of referred pain correlates well with central nervous system excitability.
Patients chronic pain = more sensitised nervous system
hyperalgesia and allodynia occur with TrP which are known centralised pain mechanisms
Treatment of Trigger Points - theory - how it works?
Ischaemic pressure: compression causes a reactive increase in blood flow which increases cell metabolism after compression
Desensitization through afferent feedback - nervous system adjusts to the stimulus.
Ischaemic Pressure - applying it - timings
5 holds of 60-90 seconds or until pain resolves - little evidence.
pain should decrease as you hold pressure
more pressure on each repeat.
Specific soft tissue mobilisation - principles?
early mobilisation improves tissue healing rates.
Tension in different ways is applied through the stages
improves collagen synthesis, orientation and earlier restoration of tensile strength of tissue.
Stimulates recovery and accepted theory that early mobilisation helps rehab
