MSK Injuries Flashcards
Monteggia
Proximal ulnar fracture with dislocation of proximal radial head
Galeazzi
Distal radial fracture with ulnar displacement at DRUJ
Barton’s
Distal radius fracture with intra-articular involvement - can be volar/palmar or dorsal/ventral
Colles
Distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement
FOOSH, ‘dinner fork deformity’
Smith
Distal radius fracture with palmar/volar displacement
fall onto flexed wrist
Bennett
1st metacarpal fracture with 1st CMC joint involvement, usually with subluxation/dislocation of CMC joint
Boxer
5th metacarpal fracture
from punching something
Lisfranc
Metatarsal fracture with dislocation of other metatarsals from tarsus
Pilon
Distal tibia fracture with joint involvement, usually with displacement
(fall from height/RTA)
Supracondylar
Children FOOSH
Buckle
Incomplete shaft fracture with bulging of cortex
Greenstick
Fracture involving only one cortex in children
half of bone broken; other half just bent
Nightstick
Isolated ulnar fracture
putting arm up to defend against weapon
General indications for ORIF
Failed conservative 2 fractures in 1 limb Bilateral identical fractures Intra-articular fractures Displaced unstable fractures (sometimes open fracture)
Management of open fracture
IV broad-spec antibiotics Wound debridement Tetanus prophylaxis External fixation (occasionally ORIF)
Inversion injury of ankle
anterior talofibular ligament
sometimes calcaneofibular or posterior talofibular
Eversion injury of ankle
Deltoid ligament
Indications for ORIF in ankle
Bi-maleollar fracture
Talar shift
Displaced unstable
Intra-articular
What is injured in Colles fracture
Median nerve
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Weak wrist flexion
- Loss of thumb opposition
- Thenar eminence wasting
(Also extensor pollicis longus rupture can occur)
What is injured in supracondylar fracture in kids
Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)
Loss of innervation to radial half of flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus (anterior forearm muscles except ulnar half of FDP)
- Loss of elbow pronation
- Unable to do ‘OK’ sign
- Weak wrist flexion
- Most common injury seen is weakness in the 2nd finger
What is injured in anterior shoulder dislocation
Axillary nerve
- Loss of sensation to ‘regimental badge patch’ area
- Deltoid and Teres Minor wasting
- Therefore, weak/lost abduction and external rotation
What is injured in olecranon dislocation
Ulnar nerve
- Cubital tunnel syndrome?
What can be injured in hip fractures
Sciatic nerve
Also: femoral ane pudendal nerves
What can be injured in knee dislocation
Common fibular nerve
Popliteal artery
What can be injured in humeral shaft fractures
Radial nerve
- Loss of sensation over dorsal hand
- Loss of innervation to extensor (posterior) compartment of forearm - wrist drop
What can be injured in tibial shaft fracture
Tibial nerve
- Loss of plantarflexion of ankle and foot
- Weak inversion
- Sensory loss to plantar aspect of foot
What can be injured in ‘bumper’ injuries i.e. car hitting a pedestrian
Common peroneal nerve
- Foot drop
- Loss of sensation over dorsum of foot
What is a Bankart lesion
Tear of glenoid labrum from anterior dislocation
What is a Hill-Sachs lesion
Cortical depression of posterior humeral head due to posterior dislocation, as head hits off anteroinferior glenoid rim
What degree of angulation is allowed for in humeral shaft fracture before surgical intervention is required
30 degrees
