MSK imaging Flashcards
what is the benefit of a radiograph (x-ray)
inexpensive, readily available, can be portable and images produced in seconds to minutes
How many views should you get when ordering and x-ray
always get 2 or more views
What is Radiolucent on xray
air (appears black)
what is radio-opaque on x-ray
bone/metal (appears white)
what is a CT
computed tomography
images produced in several minutes
produces using ionized radiation
What is increased or high attenuation on a CT
white (bone)/soft tissue
what is decreased or low attenuation on a CT
Dark (air)
What is an MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
images produced via magnetic fields
more expensive than CT and x-ray
images take longer to obtain but better differentiation of soft tissue densities (ligaments, tendons)
when is MRI the imaging modality of choice
for non-fracture spine
infection
concern for malignancy
soft-tissue injuries
when is an MRI contraindicated
metallic foreign bodies unless specifically designated MRI compatible
(cardiac implants, intraocular metallic FB, other metallic FB, surgical clips, cochlear and other auditory impants)
What protocol is used for a patient with a TJA who obtained an MRI
MARS protocol to correct metal artifact
What type of MRI is it when the water is dark
T1 weighted image
what type of MRI is it when the water is bright
T2 weighted image
What are the ABCS of MSK radiographs
- adequacy
- alignment
- bones
- cartilage
- soft tissues
what falls under adequacy of an MSK radiograph
joint above and below
penetration
rotation
what falls under alignment of an MSK radiograph
bones and joint
dislocations/subluxation
what falls under bones of a MSK radiograph
cortex regularities
densities
what falls under cartilage of a MSK radiograph
joint space
distruption of joint surfaces
any calcifications in joint spaces
what falls under soft tissues of a MSK radiograph
disruption
air
swelling
FB/calcifications
metal
what are the primary fracture classifications
closed
open
periprosthetic
pathologic
articular
extra-articular
non-displaced
displaced
simple
wedge
complex
what are the fracture morphologys
transverse
oblique
spiral
segmental
What are the different classifications of periprosthetic hip fractures
Ag: greater trochanter
Al: lesser trochanter
B1 through B2: around prosthesis
C: below tip of prosthesis
when does a periprosthetic hip fracture usually require surgery
B1 through B2 most likely need revision and C will need ORIF
What is a Salter harris fracture
classifcation for pediatric fractures around or involving the growth plate.
type 1-5
What is a salter harris type 1 fracture
seperated growth plate
what is a salter harris type 2 fracture
above the growth plate
what is a salter harris type 3 fracture
beLOW growth plate
what is a salter harris type 4 fracture
Through grow plate
what is a salter harris type 5 fracture
erassure or growth plate
what is a greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture/bending or splintering of the bone
what is a torus/buckle fracutre
impaction of the bone, result of an axial load
