Introduction to Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is OP4QRST used for
MSK history
What does OP4QRST stand for
Onset
Precipitation
palliation
provocation
progression
quality
radiation
severity
timing
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation
Calor, Rubor, tumor, Dolor - loss of function
Heat, Redness, swelling, Pain and loss of function
What is important to get during an MSK History
dominant hand, MOI, PMH, Medications, PSH, PH, SH
What does the sagittal plane the body into
Right and left - runs anterior to posterior
What plane divides the body into anterior and postierior
coronal
what plane divides the body into superior and inferior
Transverse plane
What is the reduction in the ankle between two body parts known as
flexion
when the angle between to body parts increases, what is this known as
extension
What is it called when you bring the thumb to the tip of another finger (typically the small finger)
opposition
What is the normal hip flexion
130 degrees
What connect muscles to bones
tendons
what connects bones to bones
ligaments - connective tissue
What are tendons?
connective tissues that attach muscles to bone and aid in the movement of joints
what is it called when tendons become inflamed
tendonitis
often associated with overuse injuries, pain/tenderness near the joint +/- edema
When is a tendon injury considered urgent?
rupture and requiring surgical repair
What are ligaments
connective tissue that attached bone to bone and provides stability
does not become inflamed because they are not vascularized.
What is it called when there is a stretching or tearing of a ligement
sprain
how are sprains classificed
grade 1 - grade 3
patient present with pain, edema, ecchymosis of the knee but is able to weight bear through the leg and has normal range of motion, what type of injury do they have?
Grade 1 sprain
a patient presents with no pain, severely impaired weight bearing abilities, instability and extreme limitations for range of motion, what type of injury do they likely have?
grade 3 sprain and require non-weight bearing, activity restrictions, pain control and often surgery as these are likely complete ruptures
What is a strain
a stretching of a muscle or tendon
what are the degrees of strains?
grade 1- grade 3
how does a patient with a grade 2 strain present?
unable to continue activity
clear loss of strength/ROM
>10-15% disruption of muscle fibers; tendon retraction
a patient presents with sharp pain at the time of injury and pain with activity but is able to continue activity, mild/localized tenderness, non loss of ROM/strength, what grade strain do they likely have
Grade 1 strain
What is it when a patient has a partial loss of contact between two joint surfaces that reduces on its own?
Subluxaton
what is the presentation of a patient after a subluxation injury
pain, edema and partial loss of function
No deformity (reduced by time of exam)
what patient populations are at an increased risk for subluxation injuries
previous joint laxity and recurrent subluxations/dislocations
how do you treat a subluxation injury
rest, ice and pain control
what is the typical presentation for a dislocation injury
complete loss of contact between two joint surfaces - including disruption in soft tissues
often required reduction by a clinician
