MSK/ID/Neuro/Rheum

Question 1

What is ALS

Answer 1

Motor neurone disease

Mixed UMN and LMN signs

Question 2

What is GBS

Answer 2

Inflammatory peripheral neuropathy
Recent inflammatory or bacterial infection
Sensory distrubance

Question 3

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Answer 3

OA of spine –> Compression of spinal cord
LMN signs at the level of compression (upper limb if the lesion is below C5) with UMN signs below (in the lower limb)
Neck pain and stiffness

Question 4

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Answer 4

Sensory and Motor peripheral neuropathy
UMN signs not present
LMN signs in all limbs and reduced sensation

Question 5

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

Answer 5

Autoimmune disorder involving neuromuscular junction
UMN will be absent
Assoc with small cell lung cancer

Question 6

Bells palsy paralysis rules

Answer 6

If patient’s paralysis shows no sign of getting better after 3 weeks, refer urgently up to ENT

Question 7

Lyme diseaes initial rash

Answer 7

Erythema migrans

Question 8

Later symptoms of lyme diseaes

Answer 8

cardiovascular - heart block

Neuro - facial palsy, radicular pain, meningitis

Question 9

Investigations for lyme diseaes

Answer 9

can usually be diagnosed clincially with eythema migrans but if they have symtpoms but no rash, do an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies

Question 10

Bells palsy presents within 72hrs - mx

Answer 10

Give prednisalone and articificial tears

Question 11

Cause of bells palsy

Answer 11

HSV

Question 12

Treatment for raynauds

Answer 12

nifidipine

Question 13

1st line treatment for an essential tremor

Answer 13

propanolol (alcohol helps as well lol)