MSK High Yield Flashcards
Normal degrees of movement in hip exam?
Flexion - 120
Internal rotation - 30
External rotation - 40
Abduction - 40
Adduction - 20
Extension - 20
Trochanteric Bursitis
Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, located over the greater trochanter of the femur, causing lateral hip pain.
Affects middle-aged to older adults, athletes, obese individuals, leg length discrepancies or altered gait
Classification & Management of Hip and Neck of Femur (NOF) Fractures
Normal degrees of movement in shoulder exam?
Forward flexion - 180
Extension - 60
Abduction - 180
Adduction - 45
External rotation - 80
Internal rotation - can touch base of scapula i.e. T6/7
pain at end of shoulder abduction
acromioclavicular joint pathology e.g. arthritis
middle arc pain (60-120 degrees) on shoulder movement
rotator cuff pathology
empty can test
supraspinatus
resisted external rotation of shoulder
infraspinatus / teres minor
subscapularis test
pt. places dorsum of hand over lumbar spine, then move hand away posteriorly
tests for shoulder impingement
Neer’s - +ve if subacromial or internal
Hawkins - +ve subacromial only
scarf test
position. pt’s hand over their opposite shoulder and push elbow posteriorly (pain = acromioclavicular joint pathology)
winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve injury (C5-C7) → innervates the serratus anterior muscle, which stabilizes the scapula.
rotator cuff muscles
Mx of adhesive capsulitis
shoulder dystocia and what palsies it can cause?
normal degrees of elbow movements
flexion - 145
extension - 0
pronation - 80
supination - 90
special tests in elbow exam
LCL - flex elbow to 30 and apply varus force
MCL - flex elbow to 30 and apply valgus force
Tennis elbow test - with pt’s forearm fully pronated, wrist fully flexed ask pt to extend wrist whilst applying resistance
Golfer’s elbow test - with pt’s forearm fully supinated, wrist fully extended, ask patient to flex wrist whilst applying resistance
ddx of elbow pain
key ligaments of elbow
What is the most common fracture affecting the elbow?
Extra-articular manifestations of RA
Felty’s syndrome
Trigger finger associations
Extra-articular features of Ankylosing spondylitis
+ve sciatic nerve stretch test
Which investigations may be used to help differentiate causes of back pain?
Definitions of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis:
knee movements
flexion - 140
extension - 0
causes of knee effusion
unhappy triad in knee injuries
DDx for red hot swollen knee
bursa + bursitis
gout
bunion
foot and ankle exam movements
tibialis anterior test
foot inversion and dorsiflexion against resistance
tibialis posterior test
foot inversion and plantar-flexion against resistance
peroneus longus and brevis test
foot eversion against resistance
anterior drawer test for ankle
hold calcaeneum still and push lower leg posteriorly to test anterior talofibular ligament
syndesmosis test
squeeze mid-lower leg to test syndesmosis (pain at distal tibia/fibula = injury)
ankle exam: Simmond’s test:
Foot drop causes
plantar fasciitis
Categories of bones in the foot
Morton’s neuroma
