MSK Fundamentals Flashcards
Coxa vara
femoral neck shaft angled inward
Coxa valga
femoral neck shaft angled outward
Antetorsion
femoral neck rotated forward
Retroversion
femoral neck rotated posterior or backward
Genu varum
“bowlegged”
Genu valgum
“knock kneed”
Equinus
toes in a down position, DF limited
Calcaneous
heel down position, PF limited
Talipes equinovarus
ankle and foot are down and in
“Clubfoot”
Pes cavus
high arched or supinated foot
Pes planus
low arched, pronated
“flat foot”
Valgus heel
rearfoot is deviated toward the outside resulting in pronated heel
Hallux valgus
1st metatarsal abduction deformity
“bunion”
What are the 3 movement of arthrokinematics?
- Roll - ex. mvm’t btw femoral and tibial articular surfaces
- Slide - ex. when braked wheels skid on pavement or mvm’t of prox phalanx at head of metacarpal
- Spin - ex. mvm’t btw radial head and humerus
What are the muscle fiber types and their fxn?
Type 1
Slow twitch, red oxidative for endurance
Resistance to fatigue, contract slowly
Type 2
Fast twitch, white glycolytic, anaerobic
Not as vascualr as type 1, but more powerful
Fibers are larger diameter for acitivities that required speed, strength and power
What is the recruitment pattern of muscle fibers during contraction?
Slow twitch –> Fast Twitch (FT) –> FT A –> FT AB –> FT B
ecchymosis
hemorrhage of the skin resulting in black and blue appearance
May also appear with anti-coagulant therapy
indolent
long standing, often painless wound that is slow to heal
characteristic of venous insufficiency ulcer
induration
the hardening of the skin around an ulcer, often occurring with pressure sores of venous insufficiency ulcers
maceration
the softening and deteriorationg of the skin or wound as a result of moisture
purulent
indicates a wound a contains pus and infected
What is isometric exercise?
When is this type of exercise indicated?
What population is contraindicated from this intervention?
A static contraction at a particular point in the ROM
Useful with post surgery or someone with limited mobility
Pt’s with vascular/cardiac disease should refrain due to sharp increase in BP, and avoid valsalvas
What is isotonic exercise?
What are the disadvantages to isotonic ex?
Ex that occurs throughout the range of motion with the same resistance and variable speed of the movement. Concentric contraction and eccentric lowering
Disadvantages: lack of aerobic conditioning, no development of speed, no accomodation for fatigue or pain, increased soreness with eccentric contractions
What happens to hydrostatic pressure as water gets deeper?
Pressure increases and can be used to reduce effusion, increase pain limited WB and allow ex or injured extremity
What are the cardiopulmonary responses to water immersion?
Increase in HR, cardiac output, stroke volume,
Decreased inspiratory reserve, forced vital capacity
*Be cautious with pt’s with limited lung capactiy
How do you determine ex prescription for hydrotherapy?
Target Heart Rate should be established in the pool (due to lower heart rate during deep-water exerise vs. land)
What percentage of you body weight is unloaded when the water line is at…?
waist
nipple line
neck
waist = 25% Weight bearing
nipple line = 50%
Neck = 75%
What are the 5 end feels?
- Muscle stretch- feels elastic, slow (i.e. SLR)
- Ligament - firm arrest, no creep (i.e. ankle inversion)
- Capsule - firm arrest, creep with time (i.e. knee ext w/ hip ext)
- Cartilage/Bone - hard/rigid sudden stop (i.e. elbow ext)
- Muscle/soft tissue - soft, spongy (i.e. elbow flex)
What does “empty” means in terms of abnormal end feels?
Swelling, increased effusion.
Boggy and soft end feel
What are the grades of oscillatory mobs? Which grade would you use to: Increase joint mobility? Maintain joint mobility? Relieve pain? Motion restrictions? Contra-indication(s)?
Grade 1: small amp at beginning of end range
Grade 2: small amp into mid range of joint
Grade 3: large oscillationa through available range into tissue resistance
Grade 4: small amp performed into tissue resistance
Increase joint mobility = Grade 4
Maintain joint mobility = Grade 3
Relieve pain = Grades 1 & 2 at acute and subacute stage
Motion restrictions = Grades 3 & 4
Contra-indication(s) = malignancy, #, inflammation/infection, pregnancy, joint replacement
