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NPTE #3 > MSK Fundamentals > Flashcards

MSK Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Coxa vara

A

femoral neck shaft angled inward

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2
Q

Coxa valga

A

femoral neck shaft angled outward

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3
Q

Antetorsion

A

femoral neck rotated forward

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4
Q

Retroversion

A

femoral neck rotated posterior or backward

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5
Q

Genu varum

A

“bowlegged”

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6
Q

Genu valgum

A

“knock kneed”

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7
Q

Equinus

A

toes in a down position, DF limited

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8
Q

Calcaneous

A

heel down position, PF limited

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9
Q

Talipes equinovarus

A

ankle and foot are down and in

“Clubfoot”

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10
Q

Pes cavus

A

high arched or supinated foot

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11
Q

Pes planus

A

low arched, pronated

“flat foot”

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12
Q

Valgus heel

A

rearfoot is deviated toward the outside resulting in pronated heel

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13
Q

Hallux valgus

A

1st metatarsal abduction deformity

“bunion”

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14
Q

What are the 3 movement of arthrokinematics?

A
  1. Roll - ex. mvm’t btw femoral and tibial articular surfaces
  2. Slide - ex. when braked wheels skid on pavement or mvm’t of prox phalanx at head of metacarpal
  3. Spin - ex. mvm’t btw radial head and humerus
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15
Q

What are the muscle fiber types and their fxn?

A

Type 1
Slow twitch, red oxidative for endurance
Resistance to fatigue, contract slowly

Type 2
Fast twitch, white glycolytic, anaerobic
Not as vascualr as type 1, but more powerful
Fibers are larger diameter for acitivities that required speed, strength and power

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16
Q

What is the recruitment pattern of muscle fibers during contraction?

A

Slow twitch –> Fast Twitch (FT) –> FT A –> FT AB –> FT B

17
Q

ecchymosis

A

hemorrhage of the skin resulting in black and blue appearance
May also appear with anti-coagulant therapy

18
Q

indolent

A

long standing, often painless wound that is slow to heal

characteristic of venous insufficiency ulcer

19
Q

induration

A

the hardening of the skin around an ulcer, often occurring with pressure sores of venous insufficiency ulcers

20
Q

maceration

A

the softening and deteriorationg of the skin or wound as a result of moisture

21
Q

purulent

A

indicates a wound a contains pus and infected

22
Q

What is isometric exercise?
When is this type of exercise indicated?
What population is contraindicated from this intervention?

A

A static contraction at a particular point in the ROM
Useful with post surgery or someone with limited mobility
Pt’s with vascular/cardiac disease should refrain due to sharp increase in BP, and avoid valsalvas

23
Q

What is isotonic exercise?

What are the disadvantages to isotonic ex?

A

Ex that occurs throughout the range of motion with the same resistance and variable speed of the movement. Concentric contraction and eccentric lowering
Disadvantages: lack of aerobic conditioning, no development of speed, no accomodation for fatigue or pain, increased soreness with eccentric contractions

24
Q

What happens to hydrostatic pressure as water gets deeper?

A

Pressure increases and can be used to reduce effusion, increase pain limited WB and allow ex or injured extremity

25
Q

What are the cardiopulmonary responses to water immersion?

A

Increase in HR, cardiac output, stroke volume,
Decreased inspiratory reserve, forced vital capacity

*Be cautious with pt’s with limited lung capactiy

26
Q

How do you determine ex prescription for hydrotherapy?

A

Target Heart Rate should be established in the pool (due to lower heart rate during deep-water exerise vs. land)

27
Q

What percentage of you body weight is unloaded when the water line is at…?
waist
nipple line
neck

A

waist = 25% Weight bearing
nipple line = 50%
Neck = 75%

28
Q

What are the 5 end feels?

A
  1. Muscle stretch- feels elastic, slow (i.e. SLR)
  2. Ligament - firm arrest, no creep (i.e. ankle inversion)
  3. Capsule - firm arrest, creep with time (i.e. knee ext w/ hip ext)
  4. Cartilage/Bone - hard/rigid sudden stop (i.e. elbow ext)
  5. Muscle/soft tissue - soft, spongy (i.e. elbow flex)
29
Q

What does “empty” means in terms of abnormal end feels?

A

Swelling, increased effusion.

Boggy and soft end feel

30
Q 
What are the grades of oscillatory mobs?
Which grade would you use to:
Increase joint mobility?
Maintain joint mobility?
Relieve pain?
Motion restrictions?
Contra-indication(s)?
A

Grade 1: small amp at beginning of end range
Grade 2: small amp into mid range of joint
Grade 3: large oscillationa through available range into tissue resistance
Grade 4: small amp performed into tissue resistance

Increase joint mobility = Grade 4
Maintain joint mobility = Grade 3
Relieve pain = Grades 1 & 2 at acute and subacute stage
Motion restrictions = Grades 3 & 4
Contra-indication(s) = malignancy, #, inflammation/infection, pregnancy, joint replacement

NPTE #3 (14 decks)

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