MSK Cortex Pathology - Benign bone tumours Flashcards
What is the commonest benign bone tumour?
Osteochondroma
Describe an osteochondroma?
A bony outgrowth on the external surface with a cartilaginous cap
Describe a enchondroma?
An intramedullary and usually metaphysical cartilaginous tumour caused by failure of normal enchondral ossification at the growth plate
Describe a simple bone cyst?
A single cavity benign fluid filled cyst in a bone
Where are simple bone cysts usually found?
Metaphysis of long bones (usually in the proximal humerus and femur) most commonly found in children
Describe an aneurysmal bone cyst?
Cyst containing lots of chambers which are filled with blood or serum
What benign bone tumour has a characteristic “soup bubble” appearance on x-ray?
Giant cell tumour
Where are giant cell tumours usually found?
Around the knee and in the distal radius but can occur in other long bones, pelvis and spine
5% of giant cell tumours can metastasise to where?
The lung
Shepherd’s crook deformity of the femur is caused by what?
Fibrous dysplasia
What is fibrous dysplasia?
Genetic mutation resulting in lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone
What is an osteoid osteoma?
A small nidus of immature bone surrounded by an intense sclerotic halo
Where are osteoid osteomas usually found?
Proximal femur
Diaphysis of long bones
Vertebrae
What are the symptoms of an osteoid osteoma?
Intense constant pain, worse at night due to the intense inflammatory response. This pain is greatly relieved by NSAIDs
What is a Brodie’s abscess?
Subacute osteomyelitis
