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Written PCE > MSK Conditions > Flashcards

MSK Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key components of the inflammatory stage of healing and how long does this stage last?

A

Myofiber rupture and necrosis, hematoma, inflammatory cell reaction
Length: 24hr to 3-4 days

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2
Q

What are the key components of the fibroblastic stage of healing and how long does this stage last?

A

Phagocytosis of necrotic fibres, regeneration of myofibers, capillary ingrowth, formation of scar tissue
Length: 5-14 days

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3
Q

What are the key components of the maturation stage of healing and how long does this stage last?

A

Maturation of myofibers, contraction and organization of scar tissue, recovery of function
Length: 14-21+ days

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4
Q

Name 2 complications that can occur with muscle contusion

A

Compartment syndrome and myositis ossificans

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5
Q

What is the MOI for muscle strain?

A

Eccentric loading or high intensity, explosive activities (usually in biarticular muscles at musculotendinous junction)

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6
Q

Explain the grading for muscle strains

A

I - microscopic tearing = pain, tightness, no weakness
II - partial, macroscopic tear = pain, structural change (decreased strength)
III - complete tear = weak and painless, may see lump

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for muscle strain?

A

Prior injury, age, biomechanics factors (poor control, inflexible), unaccustomed activity, training errors

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8
Q

Name the 3 possible condition progressions for pelvic girdle dysfunction.

A

Cystocele (bladder), rectocele, uterine prolapse

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9
Q

Explain the grading system for ligament sprains.

A

I - minor rupture = pain, no laxity (few fibres torn)
II - partial rupture = pain, laxity, firm end feel
III - full rupture = gross instability

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10
Q

Name the 3 possible structures affected with a high ankle sprain.

A

AITFL, PITFL, interosseous (could also # fibula, tear deltoid if evert)

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for Achilles Tendinopathy?

A

Age, BMI, male, sport, training errors, footwear, pronation, dec. DF, dec. LE strength, tight/weak calf

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12
Q

What is Sever’s disease?

A

Inflamed calcaneal apophysis (growing, active children)

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13
Q

Name the 2 structures affected in De Quervain’s.

A

EPB, APL

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14
Q

Name the 2 structures that may be involved in lateral elbow pain. Which is more commonly involved?

A

ECRB (more common), ECRL and common extensor tendon

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15
Q

What are 3 tests commonly used to diagnose lateral elbow pain?

A

Resisted D3 extension, Cozen’s test, LTT of wrist extensors

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16
Q

Explain primary impingement vs. secondary impingement

A 
Primary = narrowed subacromial space (older pt) - intrinsic (anatomy, degenerative change) or extrinsic factors (posture, muscle imbalance) 
Secondary = instability (younger pt) - micro trauma = instability = subluxation of humeral head = impingement
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17
Q

What are the risk factors for patellar tendinopathy?

A

Male, jumping athletes, jump height, dec. DF, age, BMI

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18
Q

Name 5 structures that can contribute to hypomobility. How?

A

Muscle - atrophy, weakness
Tendon - dec. tensile strength
Ligament - dec. tensile strength, inc. stiffness and adhesions
Cartilage - dec. synovial fluid, water content
Bone - inc. resorption, dec. bone mass/mineral content

19
Q

Name 5 contributing factors to hypomobility.

A

Prolonged immobilization, muscle imbalance, sedentary lifestyle, aging, postural dysfunction, paralysis or tone abnormality

20
Q

Name the 2 dislocation types.

A

TUBS - traumatic onset, unidirectional anterior, Bankart lesion, surgery
AMBRI - atraumatic, multidirectional, bilateral shoulder findings, rehab appropriate, rarely requires Inf capsule shift

21
Q

Name the types of lesions that can occur with dislocation.

A 
Bankart = injury of ant/inf glenoid labrum (bony bankers if # glenoid)
Hill-Sachs = compression # of humeral head
SLAP = superior labrum lesion ant -> post
# dislocation = usually acromion or humeral head
22
Q

Name 4 possible # complications

A

Avascular necrosis, muscle weakness, re-#, infection, delayed union, non-union, CRPS

23
Q

Name the 3 types of hip arthroplasty.

A 
Cemented = inc. stability, better for sedentary with poor bone quality
Uncemented = components coated with beads where new bone can grow (better for younger pts)
Hybrid = femoral component cemented; acetabular component non-cemented
24
Q

What are precautions post THR?

A

No hip flex past 90, no IR, no hip adduction past 0, no active or resisted hip abduction if lateral approach

25
Q

What are the types of shoulder arthroplasty and their associated precautions/contraindications?

A

Hemiarthroplasty = humeral replacement
TSA = glenoid + HOH (precautions = immobilization daily for 1 week; nightly for 1 month; sling 4 weeks)
Reverse TSA = ‘ball and socket’ components switched (precautions = flex in scapular plane passively to 90, pure abduction; contraindications = IR for 6 weeks

26
Q

Name 5 cancer signs and symptoms.

A

Night pain, night sweats, sudden weight loss/gain, malaise, fatigue

27
Q

Describe sway back posture.

A

Head forward, long T-spine kyphosis, flat lumbar spine, PPT with ant translation, hips in extension

28
Q

Describe flat back posture.

A

Head forward, straight L-spine, PPT, hips in extension, plumb line post to hip joint, knees in extension

29
Q

Name the 3 types of scoliosis.

A 
Congenital = vertebral deformities
Idiopathic = most common
Neuromuscular = 2° to other conditions
30
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammatory response due to infection in the bone

31
Q

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

Abnormality in the head of femur or acetabulum shape at birth = not in close contact = subluxation/dislocation

32
Q

What are the 4 types of talipes equinovarus (club foot)?

A

Idiopathic - most common, picked up in utero, otherwise healthy
Neurogenic - spina bifida, cerebral palsy
Syndromic - mobius syndrome or arthrogryposis (contracture of at least 2 or more joints)
Postural - feet squished in utero, resolves quickly

33
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A 
Connective tissue disorder - issue converting collagen (bones are brittle)
4 types (I - least severe, most common; II - lethal in perinatal period; III - severe, progressive deformity, short; IV - rare and mild, moderate deformity, can ambulate)
34
Q

What is Legg Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

35
Q

Name the 4 common impingement sites associated with TOS?

A

Superior thoracic outlet, scalene triangle, between clavicle and first rib, between pec minor and thoracic wall

36
Q

Describe the 3 types of peripheral nerve injuries.

A

Neuropraxia - compression of nerve = segmental demyelination and transient disruption
Axonotmesis - disruption of axon, myelin sheath still intact, likely crush injury
Neurotmesis - completely severed axon and sheath

37
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Autoimmune attack of ACh receptors at NMJ (signal can’t travel from nerve to muscle)

38
Q

Describe Charcot Marie Tooth Disease.

A

Hereditary condition of the PNS = extensive demyelination of motor and sensory nerves of the hands and feet

39
Q

Name 6 precautions to mobilization.

A

Neuro signs, dizziness, severe movement loss, hyper mobility, osteoporosis, pregnancy, spondylolithesis, hx of malignancy, diabetes, haemophilia, children

40
Q

Name 6 contraindications to mobilization.

A

Malignancy, cauda equine lesions, spinal cord lesions, multiple nerve root involvement, rheumatoid collagen necrosis, #/dislocation, active bone disease, acute inflammation, sign of the buttock, VA disease, CV ligament instability, non mechanical cause

41
Q

Name 4 types of tumors affecting bone.

A

Osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant tumors, osteoid osteoma (benign bone tumor)

42
Q

Name 6 types of degenerative joint disease.

A

Vertebral - lateral stenosis, central stenosis, spondylosis, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis
Other joints - OA

43
Q

Name 3 nerves commonly affected by entrapment and where this commonly occurs.

A

Ulnar nerve - cubital tunnel, Guyon tunnel
Median nerve - in pronator teres, carpal tunnel
Radial nerve - radial tunnel

44
Q

Name 6 contraindications to stretching

A

bony block, recent #, acute inflammatory process of joint, sharp or acute joint pain, hematoma or tissue trauma, contracture or soft tissue providing stability to area

Written PCE (7 decks)

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