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Systems Path > MSK and Neuro Path > Flashcards

MSK and Neuro Path Flashcards

1
Q

5 causes of muscle atrophy

A
  • neuropathic
  • disuse
  • malnutrition
  • cachexia
  • senility
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2
Q

4 histo changes in muscle atrophy

A
  • smaller myofibres
  • loss of myofibre
  • replacement by fat
  • fibrosis
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3
Q

Steps in degeneration of muscle

A
  • swelling
  • hypereosinophilia
  • loss of striation
  • coagulation
  • fragment
  • tension bands
  • mineralization
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4
Q

Which cells make new myofibres

A

Satellite cells –> myoblasts –> myotube –> differentiate –> myofibre

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5
Q

Least to most susceptible cell type in muscle to ischemia

A

myofibre > satellite > fibrocyte

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6
Q

Some m. toxins

A
  • monensin
  • salinomycin
  • doxycyclin overdose in calves
  • seasonal pasture myopathy (box elder, maple)
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7
Q

3 Bac that can infect m directly

A
  • Clostridia
  • Trueperlla pyogenes
  • actinobacillus ligneresi
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8
Q

2 types of bone formation

A
  • endochondral

- intramembranous

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9
Q

2 types of bone and their diff

A
  • lamellar: takes time, trabecular bone

- woven: rapid prod, reactive, periosteal new bone

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10
Q

Stages of joint degeneration

A

Injury –> degeneration –> fibrillation –> ulceration –> eburnation

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11
Q

5 ways joint capsule can react to injury

A
  • hyperplasia (synovial or villous)
  • inflammation
  • pannus
  • fibrosis (periarticular)
  • osteophyte
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12
Q

Define pannus

A
  • covering of articular surface with granulation tissue
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13
Q

Neutrophils in joint fluid in SA vs LA indicates what type of inflammation most likely?

A
  • SA: immune-mediated

- LA: septic

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14
Q

Most common type of skeletal neoplasia in cats

A

Vx site associated sarcoma

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15
Q

Signs of neoplasia in CSF

A
  • high protein

- normal cell count

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16
Q

4 Histo changes in peripheral NS in nerve injury

A
  • axon swelling
  • axon fragmentation
  • myeline sheath sheath swelling?
  • together = Wallerian degeneration
  • may also see digestion chambers = macs degrading tissue
17
Q

What happens to neuron in neuronopathy? Causes?

A
  • directly target nerve body

- drugs (cisplatin, doxrubricin), B6 toxicosis

18
Q

What happens to neuron in primary axonopathy? Causes?

A
  • loss of axons, myeline sheath fine

- organophosphate poisoning, laryngeal hemiplagia, diabetes

19
Q

What happens to neuron in primary demyelination? Causes?

A
  • loss of myelin, axon initially fine but will lose over time if not recovered
  • chronic lead toxicity, coonhound paralysis, hypothyroidism, immune mediated
20
Q

Pathogens that cause malformation of CNS

A
  • BVD
  • Classical swine dz
  • feline panleuk
  • bluetongue
  • cache valley
21
Q

4 routes CNS can be exposed to pathogens

A
  • veins (e.g. face –> pit gland)
  • direct penetration (e.g. dehorn)
  • nerves
  • CSF
22
Q

Common bac that cause neutrophilic inflamm.

A
  • E. coli
  • step
  • trueperella (abscess)
  • Listeria (via nerve)
  • histophilus (via haem)
23
Q

Histo change in lymphocytic encephalitis

A
  • perivascular cuffs (from lymphocytes)
  • gliosis (=clusters of glial cells)
  • satellitosis ( = glial cells gathering around necrotic neurons)
  • neuronophagia by glial cells
  • necrosis
24
Q

Type of neuro cells most to least susceptible to ischemia

A
  • neurons
  • oligodendrocytes
  • astrocytes
  • microglial
  • fibrovascular tissue
25
Q

Causes of polioencephalomalacia

A
  • thamine deficiency
  • sulphur tox
  • acute lead tox
  • salt tox
  • edema dz
26
Q

3 gross lesions of polioencephalomalacia

A
  • gyri flattened
  • tentorial herniation
  • coning of cerebellum
27
Q

What is one predisposition in diet to thiamine responsive polioencephalomalacia

A

High carbs

28
Q

Signs of acute vs subacute vs chronic lead tox

A
  • acute: serizure, severe neuro signs
  • subacute: diarrhea, depression, blind, head press
  • chronic: myelinopathy

Systems Path (2 decks)

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