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Systems Path > Cardio-resp > Flashcards

Cardio-resp Flashcards

1
Q

4 patters of pneumonia

A
  • bronchopneumonia
  • airway
  • interstitial lung dz
  • embolic pneumonia
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2
Q

Bronchopneumonia

  • what
  • gross lesion
  • histo
  • cause
A
  • inflammatory stuff filling airway lumen but cells themselves okay
  • cranial-ventral consolidation
  • neutrophils and fibrin fill alveoli and bronchioles
  • airborne bac
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3
Q

Airways dz

  • gross
  • histo
  • cause
A
  • lung okay grossly???
  • inflammation and necrosis of bronchi and bronchiole walls
  • viruses, bac, hypersensitivity, irritants, toxic (club cells)
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4
Q

Interstitial pneumonia

  • what
  • gross
  • histo
  • cause
A
  • injury to alveolar epi or endothelium
  • diffusely rubbery
  • hyaline membrane, prolif of type 2 pneumocytes, interstitial fibrosis
  • viral, sepsis, toxin, hypersensitivity
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5
Q

Bronchointerstitial pneumonia

A
  • combo of interstitial and bronchiolar pattern
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6
Q

Embolic pneumonia

  • cause
  • gross
  • histo
A
  • blood-borne showering of lungs (small amount, chronically)
  • focal/multifocal lesions
  • foci of suppurative +/- necrosis
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7
Q

4 defense systems of lung

A
  • mucociliary clearance
  • antimicrobial proteins in lung fluid
  • alveolar macrophage
  • recruited WBC
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8
Q

Sequelae of bac pneumonia in cattle

A
  • death due to sepsis if acute
  • pleural adhesion
  • lung fibrosis
  • abscessation
  • sequestrum
  • bronchiectasis
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9
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Degredation of bronchial wall via neutrophils –> bronchoiles dilates

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10
Q

What’s important about abscess, bronchiectasis, and sequestrums?

A
  • are permanent
  • inaccessible to abx
  • can become nidus for relapse
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11
Q

3 functions of club cells

Where are they found?

A

1) stem cell
2) metabolism and detox
3) decr inflammation
- in bronchioles

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12
Q

How does airway disease lead to airway obstruction

A
  • Inflammation and edema of bronchiole walls –> wall thickening
  • inflammatory stuff in lumen
  • bronchoconstriction from irritation
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13
Q

2 main effects of airway dz on lung function

A
  • decr alveolar ventilation

- incr expiratory effort

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14
Q

3 general outcomes of airway injury and 1 sequelae of chronic

A
  • repair and recovery via club cells
  • bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans
  • chronic bronchiolitis
  • epi metaplasia (either mucous, squamous, or neoplastic)
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15
Q

What is bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans and how does it occur

A
  • is fibrosis of

- erosion of epi –> exudate, fibrin, and WBC go into lumen –> infiltrate fibroblasts –> fibrosis

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16
Q

Sequaele of bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans and pathogenesis

A

Cor pulmonale

- area no longer well ventilated –> lower O2 –> vasoconstriction –> pulmonary hypertension –> R sided heart failure

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17
Q

Healing from interstitial dz

  • acute
  • subacute
  • chronic
A
  • edema and hyaline membrane
  • prolif of hype 2 pneumocytes
  • interstitial fibrosis
18
Q

3 Impacts on lung function in alveolar injury

A
  • decr gas exchange
  • decr compliance
  • decr lung volume
19
Q

Acute resp distress syndrome

  • what
  • lung pattern
A
  • acute onset of severe hypoxemia

- interstitial

20
Q

What is pneumoconiosis

- type of patter

A

lung dz from inhalation of foreign or inorganic material

- interstitial

21
Q

Causes of chylothorax

A
  • thoracic duct injury
  • idiopathic
  • incr venous pressure: .e.g heart failure, neoplasia
  • intrathoracic mass
22
Q

2 causes of pneumothorax

A
  • penetrating injury

- ruptured pulmonary bulla

23
Q

3 acute effects of airway injury

A
  • failure of mucociliary clearance
  • obstruction to airflow
  • failure of alveolar ventilation
24
Q

Conditions predisposing dogs to lung infection

A
  • aspiration pneumonia
  • contagious bac
  • prev viral infection
  • immunosupp
  • neutropenia
25
Q

Histo lesions suggestive of bovine resp synsitial virus

A
  • flattening of bronchiolar epi cells

- multinucleated epi cells

26
Q

Emphysema

  • what
  • pathogenesis
A
  • too much air in alveoli or interstitium

- breathing in air that gets trapped by damaged bronchioles

27
Q

Atelectasis

  • what
  • cause
A
  • collapse alveoli with little air

- blocked airway, fetal, stuff in chest cavity

28
Q

Mycoplasma lesions

A
  • mf caseous pale raised lesions
  • cranioventral distr.
  • -/+ middle ear lesion
29
Q

Histophilus somni lesion

A
  • acute fibrinous pleuritis
30
Q

A toxicity that affects lungs in cows and what pattern?

A
  • 3-methyl-indol toxicity

- interstitial

31
Q

Strep equi equi in horses

  • lesions
  • sequelae
A
  • retrpharyngeal LN abscess

- septicemia, hemolytic syndrome/purpura hemorhagica?, aspiration pneumonia

32
Q

3 diseases of gutteral pouch

2 sequelae

A
  • mycosis
  • empyema
  • tempany
  • erosion of blood vessels
  • damage CNS
33
Q

Most common cause of pleural dz in horses

A
  • bronchopneumonia
34
Q

Rhodococus equi

- lesion

A
  • multiple absecesses, cranioventral distribution, intracellular bac on histo
35
Q

Causes of interstitial dz in neonate foals

A
  • sepsis
  • herpesvirus
  • hyaline membrane dz (no surfactant)
  • meconium aspiration
36
Q

Reasons feline upper resp infections become chronic

A
  • persistant infection
  • post-inflamm scarring
  • destruction of epi/turbinates
  • hidden focus/nidus
  • decr immuno (e.g. FeLV, FIV)
37
Q

What predisposes dogs to bac pneumonia more than cats?

A
  • dogs: aspiration pneumonia

- cat: viral infection

38
Q

Lung worms in

  • dogs
  • cats
  • cattle
A
  • Toxocara canis migrans, oslerus, HW
  • aelurostrongylus, paragonimus (also dog)
  • dictyocaulus
39
Q

Cd-ventral distribution indicative of what infection?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs

40
Q

Swine resp pathogens

A
  • PRRS
  • circovirus
  • influenze
  • mycoplasma
  • actinobacillus
41
Q

Resp dz’s in sheep and their distribution

A
  • ethmoid neoplasia
  • Mannhemia haemolytica: septicemia
  • pasteurella trehalosi: septicemia-
    Maedi visna: interstitial
  • Muellerius capillaris

Systems Path (2 decks)

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