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MSK Year 2 > MSK - Anatomy Year 2 > Flashcards

MSK - Anatomy Year 2 Flashcards

Exam praccy on produccy

1
Q

*MUST LEARN (x 4)

Multifidus

(Cervical region / Thoraccic / Lumbar / Pelvis)

  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Actions: Extends (C / T / L pine), Rotates and laterally flexes vertebral column

Origin:

  • lower 4 C spine verebrate
  • ALL Transverse process of thoracic vertebra
  • ALL Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
  • posterior aspect of sacrum, PSIS, and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Insertion: All spinous processes of vertebrae from L5 to axis

Nerve: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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2
Q
  1. Trapezius x2 (Cervical region / Thoraccic)
  • attachments x
  • actions x
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Morph - large trianglular
Upper fibres - down / lat
Middle fibres - horizontal
Lower fibres - superiorially, lat

  • O - occipital proterbance, nuchal line, upper portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T12
  • I - lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acrominon process, spine of scapular

Occtopus (1) is protecting (1) a new child (2) watching UP when a ligar noob tubes (3) his spine (4).. then latvian x 3 arrive plying the clave (1) rhythm to try and heal the spine (2) with music from runeScape (2) while doing acro yoga (3)

Actions:

At C-spine: Cervical extension (when both sides contract), cervical side flexion (when one side contracts)

At shoulder girdle: Depression (lower), upward roation, elevation (upper), retraction (mid)

Motor: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Motor/Sensory: ventral rami of spinal nerves C3-C4 (via cervical plexus)

  • how to put the muscles in to action?
  • length test (where this is possible)?
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3
Q

*MUST LEARN (x 4)

Erector spinae (layout of the muscles, not specific detail of exact origin/insertion)

(Cervical region / Thoraccic / Lumbar / Pelvis)

  • attachments x
  • actions x
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A
  • Actions: EXTENSION (C / T / L) of the spine, helps with side flexion / rotation
  • Longissimus (middle) - level of transverse process - capitis / cervisis / Thoracis / Lumborum
  • Ilieocostalis (lateral) - level of rib cage - cervisis, thoracis, Lumborum
  • Spinalis (medial) - level of spinous process - capitis, cervisis, thoracis

(ie throaccic spine, cervial , lumbar..)

Spinalis capitis muscle originates from the spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae and inserts into the midline of the occipital bone.

Spinalis colli muscle originates from the same points as spinalis capitis, but also from the nuchal ligament. It inserts to the spinous processes of C2-C4 vertebrae.

Spinalis thoracis muscle extends from the spinous process of T11-L2 vertebrae until the spinous process of T2-T8 vertebrae.

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4
Q
  • Must learn x3
    8. Diaphragm (Thoraccic / Lumbar Pelvis)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

ACtions: draws central tendon inf, change volume / pressure of thoracic / abdo cavity

O: Xiphoid process, lower 6 costal cartilages, med/lat arcuate ligaments, (anterolateral) lumbar vertebrates

I: Central tendon

Nerve: Phrenic nerve C3-C5 (hurts with surgery…)

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5
Q
  1. Rectus abdominus (Lumbar / Pelvis) x2
  • attachments x
  • actions x
  • how to put the muscles in to action x
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Action test: Get pt to do a sit up with knees bent + get them to posterially tilt pelvis

Morph:

  • Arranged in sheaths - ‘6 pack’ appearence
  • Linea Alba - tendon
  • Transverse tendons 1,2,3,4

O: pubic crest, pubic symphesis
I: Xiphoid process (lowest part of sternum), costal cartilage, 5th, 6th, 7th ribs (lower three true ribs)

Crusties (1) playing Beethoven’s symphany (2) with their pubes, when the xylophone (3) player runs to the coast (4) to get to their car (4) and burns the 5th, 6th and 7th US amendmants until 6 rams and 7 ants put it out (nerve)

Actions: Trunk flexion, compression of abdomen

Nerve: Anterior rami lower 6-7 thoracic nerves

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6
Q
  1. Internal/external obliques (Lumbar / Pelvis) x2
  • O/I ?
  • actions x
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)

Nerve?

A
  • T spine:

Int oblique / External oblique:

  • flexes
  • laterally flex
  • rotate the trunk

Internal oblique Origin: Inginal ligament, iliac crest

Insertion: Lower four ribs + cartilate, pubic crest, abdominal aponneurosis to linia alba

External oblique origin: lower 8 ribs + cartilage,

Insertion: iliac crest, abdominal aponneurosis to linia alba - stretching from the xiphoid proces to the pubic symphysis

External oblique nerve: ventral rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves (T7-T12)

Int nerve: ventral rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves (T7-T12) + 1st lumbar nerve

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7
Q
  1. Transversus abdominus (Lumbar / Pelvis) x2
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Action: rasie intra abdominal pressure, compress abdo

O: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lower six costal cartilage (interdigitate with the diaphragm)

I: abdominal aponeuorsis to linea alba (same as obliques)

Nerve (same as internal oblique): ventral rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves (T7-T12) + first lumbar nerve

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8
Q
  1. Quadratus Lumborum (Lumbar / Pelvis) x2
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Lat flex trunk, ext lumbar spne, steady 12th rib with insp

O: iliolumbar ligament, post part of iliac cret

I: lower border of 12th rib, transverse proess L1-L4

Nerve: ventral rami of t12 - approx L1-L4

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9
Q
  1. Scalenes (Cervical region / Thoracic)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Sclenes anterior / medius / posterior

Sca ant: FLEX, Laterally flex, roate neck, raise 1st rib resp
O: transverse process C3-C6
I: Scalene tubercule 1st rib

Sca Medius: Laterally flex, raise 1st rib resp
O: transverse process of axis, transverse process C3-C6
I: upper surface 1st rib

Scalene posterior: Lat flex / raise 2nd rib with resp
O: pos tubercles transverse proecss C4-C6
I: Outer surface of 2nd rib

Nerve: VENTRAL RAMI - Ant C4-C6 - Med C3-C8 - Post C6-C8

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10
Q
  1. Levator scapulae - Cervical region
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Med rotation, retract + ext scap, lat flex neck

O: transverse process c1-c4

I: med border of scap

Nerve: ventral rami, c3-c4, dorsal scapular nerve C5

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11
Q
  1. Rhomboids major/minor - Cervical region
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

-Major: retract . med rot scap

O: spines + supraspinous ligaments T2-T5
I: Med border of scap

Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve C4 - C5 (same for both)

Minor: same actions

O: same but C7-T1, lower part of ligamentum nuchae
I: Med side of spine of scap

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12
Q
  1. Splenius Capitis - Cervical region
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

-ext / lat flex / rotate neck

O: lower part of ligamentum nuchae, sp process C7-T4 + associated supraspinous ligaments
I: mastoid process of temporal bone, lat 1/3 of superor nuchal line

Nerve: dorsal rami C5-C7

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13
Q
  1. Serratus anterior (Thoracic region)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Protract / lat rot scap

O: approx upper 10 ribs + associated intercostal fascia

I: costal surface of medial proder of the scapular

Nerve: long thoracic nerve C5-C7

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14
Q
  1. Latissimus dorsi (Thoracic region)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Adducts, med rotate, extend

O:

  • spinous process of all lower 6 T-spine / L-spine / sacral vertebra
  • Supra / interspinous ligaments
  • iliac crest, lower 4 ribs, inf angle of scap

I:
- Intertubecular sulcus of humerus

Nerve: Thoracodorsal nerve C60C8

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15
Q
  1. Pectoralis major/minor (Thoracic region)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Pec major: adduction, internal rotation, flexion, extension

(Clavicular, sternal, Costal)
O: Ant surface of clavical, ant surface of manubrium, body of sternum, uper 6 costal cartilage, 6th rib , aponeurosis of ext oblique
I: intertubecular sulcus of humerous

Nerve: medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-T1

Pec minor: protracts and medially rotates scapular

O: 3-5 ribs, intercostal fascia
I: coracoid process
Nerve: medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-T1

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16
Q
  1. Inercostals (Thoracic region)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

intercostales externi - elevate rib beliw and increase thoraccic vol

O: lower border of rib above
I: upper border of rib below

Nerve: intervosal nevers

Intercostales Interni: draws ribs downwards to decrease throacic cavity for lung expiration

O: lower border of costal cartilcage and costal groove of rib above
I: upper border of rib below

17
Q
  1. Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus (Pelvis)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Max: extend, lateral rot, abduct hip

O: post glteal line of ilium, post border of lium, iliac crest, post aspect of sacrum, side of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament and gluteal aponeurosis
I: iliotibial tract of fascia lata, gluteal tubersoity of femur

Inf gluteal nerve L5-S2

Minimus / Medius = SAME!: abduct and med rotate

O: gluteal surface of ilium between post / ant glteal lines
I: greater trochanter
nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

18
Q
  1. Hip flexors (Pelvis) rec fem
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

illiacus

O: iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala of sacrum, sacroiliac / iliolumbar ligaments
I: blends with psoas major –> lesser trochanter

Fem nerve L2-L3

Psoas Major flex + flex lumbar spine

O: bodies of t12 and all lumbar vertebrae, all lumbar transverse processes, all lumbar interverebral discs
I: lesser trhocanter

Nerve: Ant rami of lumbar plexus L1-L3

Rec fem: ext knee / flex hip
O: AIIS, joint capsule
I: base of patella, patella ligament
N: Fem nerve L2-L4

19
Q
  1. Hip adductors (Pelvis) (page 63)
  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A
  • Brevis longus magnus

Brevis O: inf ramus of pubis
I: upper 1/2 linea aspera
nerve: Obturator nerve L2 L3

longus O: front of pubis
I: mid 1/3 of linea aspera
Nerve: Obturator nerve L2 L4

magnus O: inf ramus of pubis, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Nerve: Obturator nerve + tibial diversion of sciatic nerve L2 L4

20
Q

Sternocleidomastoid - Cervical region

  • attachments
  • actions
  • how to put the muscles in to action
  • length test (where this is possible)
A

Action: laterally dlex, rotate neck, ant fibres flex the neck, post fibres extend the neck

O: manubrium of sternum, med 1/3 of clav

I: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lat 1/2 of superior nuchal line

Nerve: Accessory nerve XI

MSK Year 2 (5 decks)

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