MSK Anatomy Lower Limbs

Question 1

What is IT band syndrome?

Answer 1

• one of leading causes of lateral knee pain in runners and cyclists
• IT band is crucial stabilizer of the knee, constant motions of flexion and extension at the knee can cause lower end of the IT band to rub against the lateral femoral condyle, pro ducting inflammation and pain

Question 2

A sprinter who has pain on the upper part of the back of his thigh might have what?

Answer 2

• A pulled hamstring
• hamstrings are recruited more actively while sprinting
• active when extending at the hip joint and flexing at the knee as the stance foot goes from heel strike to toe off

Question 3

Where should you administer an intramuscular injection into the gluteal region?

Answer 3

-in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal region. Avoid hitting sciatic nerve, ischial tuberosity, or bone of ilium or sacrum.

Question 4

What is the primary action of the gluteal muscles?

Answer 4

• gluteus maximus: extension of the hip, particular against resistance
• gluteus medius and minimus: primary abductors of the hip, action during gait is to prevent the opposite of pelvis from sagging when opposite limb is in swing phase.

Question 5

What does a pulled groin refer to?

Answer 5

• adductor muscles of thigh are torn or strained

- from quick bursts of acceleration

Question 6

Which spinal cord segments are being tested wen performing the patellar tendon reflex?

Answer 6

Mainly L4, but also L2,3. Femoral nerve

Question 7

Fractures of the superior pubic rams are at risk of damaging the nerve that enters the thigh by passing just inferior to this rams, what is the nerve?

Answer 7

Obturator

Question 8

Which muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh contribute to flexion at the hip joint?

Answer 8

Iliopsoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae, satorius

Question 9

What is the function of the gracilis muscle?

Answer 9

-Adducts at the hip and flexes at the knee

Question 10

Where might you test for the cutaneous distribution of the common fibular nerve to the anterior compartment muscles?

Answer 10

Skin of the webbing between big toe and second toe

Question 11

Where can you take the pulse from the dorsal is pedis artery?

Answer 11

-felt lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus at the level of the medial and lateral malleoli

Question 12

In a greater saphenous vein cutdown, where would you make the skin incision?

Answer 12

• located on anterior aspect of the medial malleolus

- runs down medial side of leg

Question 13

What ligament provides the greatest support to the medial arch and also supports the head of the talus?

Answer 13

Calcaneonavicular ligament

spring ligament

Question 14

Which structures are covered by synovial membrane vs. hyaline cartilage?

Answer 14

Weight bearing structures are covered by hyaline cartilage

• lunar surface of acetabulum
• head of femur
• menisci of knee

Question 15

What is the function of the ace tabular labrum?

Answer 15

-slightly depends acetabular concavity

Question 16

What is the line of gravity to the hip joint during upright posture? What structure helps to counterbalance this force of gravity at the hip?

Answer 16

• line of gravity is posterior

- iliofemoral ligament counterbalances this gravity

Question 17

What is the function of the menisci of the knee joint?

Answer 17

-cushioning, shock absorption, deepening concavity of tibial plateaus

Question 18

Why is the medial meniscus more frequently damaged than the lateral meniscus?

Answer 18

It is attached to the capsule and medial collateral ligament

makes it less mobile

Question 19

What movements are allowed at the ankle joint? At the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 19

• dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

- transverse tarsal joint: inversion and eversion

Question 20

During heel strike, the weight on the talus is distributed to which tarsal bone? During foot flat, the weight is primarily distributed to which tarsal bone?

Answer 20

1. heel strike: Calcaneus

2. foot flat: navicular