Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Exam Revision > MSK Anatomy- Lower Limb > Flashcards

MSK Anatomy- Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region?

A

The superficial muscle group of the gluteal region consists of:
-The gluteus maximus
-The gluteus medius
-The gluteus minimus
-The tensor fascia latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the function of the gluteus maximus.

A

-it is a lateral rotator and powerful extensor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the function of the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus.

A

The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus abduct and medially rotates the thigh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the tensor fascia latae?

A

Stabilises the knee in extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the innervation of the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region.

A

-The gluteus maximus: the inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
-The gluteus medius: the superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
-The gluteus minimus: the superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
-The tensor fascia latae: the superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe trendelenburgs gait.

A

Trendelenburgs gait is an inferior movement of the contralateral hip when standing on one leg.
-it is due to a dysfunctional hip abduction caused by muscle weakness or paralysis of the abductors (Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What muscles are part of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

A

-The piriformis
-The obturator internus
-The gemellus superior
-The gemellus inferior
-The quadrates femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

A

The muscles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region are lateral rotators of the thigh and hip stabilisers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What innervates the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Nerves from the sacral plexus innervate the deep muscles of the gluteal region.
-the piriformis: Branches from (L5,S1,S2)
-the obturator internus and the gamellus superior: nerve to the obturator internus (L5,S1)
-the gamellus inferior and the quadrates femoris: nerve to the quadrates femoris (L5,S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

The iliotibial tract is the thickening of the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia latae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract run?

A

The iliotibial tract runs from the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the tibial condyle at the gerdy tubercle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract?

A

The iliotibial tract supports the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do structures enter the pelvis via?

A

Structures enter the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do structures enter the perineum via?

A

Structures enter the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle contain?

A

The inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle contains:
-The inferior gluteal artery
-The inferior gluteal vein
-The inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Superior gluteal neurovascular bundle contain?

A

The superior gluteal neurovascular bundle contains:
-The superior gluteal artery
-The superior gluteal vein
-The superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the principle nerve to the perineum?

A

The pudenal nerve is the principle nerve to the perineum (S2,S3,S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

-the femoral nerve
-the femoral artery
-the femoral vein
-lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A

-psoas major
-iliacus
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
-vastus lateralis
-rectus femoris
-sartorius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What us the function of the psoas major?

A

the psoas major flexes the thigh at the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the psoas major innervated by?

A

The psoas major is innervated by the anterior rami of (L1,L2,L3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the iliacus?

A

The iliacus flexes the thigh at the hip joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the iliacus innervated by?

A

The iliacus is innervated by the femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of the vastus medialis?

A

Extension of the leg at the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the vastus medialis innervated by?

A

the vastus medialis is innervated by the femoral nerve L2,L3,L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of the vastus intermedius?

A

The vastus intermedius extends the leg at the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What innervates the vastus intermedius?

A

The femoral nerve L2,L3,L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of the vastus lateralis?

A

The vastus lateralis extends the leg at the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What innervates the vastus lateralis?

A

The femoral nerve L2,L3,L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of the rectus femoris?

A

Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the rectus femoris innervated by?

A

the femoral nerve L2,L3,L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the function of the Sartorius?

A

The Sartorius flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint

33
Q

What innervates the Sartorius?

A

The Sartorius is innervated by the femoral nerve L2,L3,L4

34
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

-Gracilis
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus
-Adductor brevis
-Adductor Magnus
-obturator externus

35
Q

What is the function of the gracilis?

A

The gracilis adducts the thigh at the hip joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint.

36
Q

What innervates the gracilis?

A

The gracilis is innervated by the obturator nerve L2,L3

37
Q

What is the function of the pectineus?

A

The pectineus adducts and flexes the thigh at the hip joint

38
Q

What innervates the pectineus?

A

The pectineus is innervated by the femoral nerve L2,L3,L4

39
Q

What is the function of the adductor longus?

A

The adductor longus adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint.

40
Q

What innervates the adductor longus?

A

The adductor longus is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

41
Q

What is the function of the adductor brevis?

A

The adductor brevis adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint.

42
Q

What innervates the adductor brevis?

A

The adductor brevis is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

43
Q

What is the function of the adductor Magnus?

A

The adductor Magnus adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint.

44
Q

What innervates the adductor Magnus?

A

The adductor Magnus is innervated by the obturator nerve and the hamstring part is innervated by the sciatic nerve (tibial division)
(L2,L3,L4)

45
Q

What is the function of the obturator externus?

A

The obturator externus laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint.

46
Q

What innervates the obturator externus?

A

The obturator externus is innervated by the posterior division of the obturator nerve (L3,L4)

47
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior leg compartment?

A

-Biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
-semimembranosus

48
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh flex the leg at the knee joint.

49
Q

What innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

The sciatic nerve (tibial division except for the short head of the biceps femoris which is innervated by the common fibular division)
L5,S1,S2

50
Q

Which head of the biceps femoris is not a true hamstring muscle?

A

The short head of the biceps femoris is not a true hamstring muscle

51
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior leg?

A

SUPERFICIAL GROUP
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus
-Plantaris
DEEP GROUP
-popliteus
-flexor hallicus longus
-flexor digitorum longus
-tibialis posterior

52
Q

What is the function of the superficial group of posterior leg muscles?

A

plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee

53
Q

What innervates the superficial group of posterior leg muscles?

A

The tibial nerve (S1,S2)

54
Q

What is the function of the deep group of posterior leg muscles?

A

flexor of toes and plantar flexors of the ankle

55
Q

What are the deep group of muscles of the posterior leg innervated by?

A

The tibial nerve

56
Q

What passes through the tarsal tunnel?

A

-tibialis posterior tedon
-flexor digitorum longus tendon
-posterior tibial artery and veins
-tibial nerve
-flexor hallucis longus tendon

57
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

The knee joint is a synovial hinge joint

58
Q

What movements does the knee joint perform?

A

The knee joint performs flexion-extension

59
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament tested with?

A

The anterior drawer test

60
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament tested by?

A

The posterior drawer test

61
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament give stability to?

A

The medial collateral ligament of the knee gives stability to the inner knee.

62
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament give stability to?

A

The lateral collateral ligament gives stability to the outer knee.

63
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral menisci?

A

They are shock absorbers and act to distribute shock evenly

64
Q

Which of the menisci are more vulnerable to tearing?

A

The medial menisci is more vulnerable to tearing due to being attached to the medial collateral ligament.

65
Q

Where is the popliteal fossa located?

A

The popliteal fossa is located posteriorly to the knee

66
Q

What is the name of the anastomoses that supplies blood to all the structures of the knee joint, foot and leg?

A

Genicular anastomoses

67
Q

What does the popliteal artery divide into?

A

-the anterior tibial artery
-the posterior tibial artery

68
Q

What supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

The anterior tibial artery

69
Q

What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

The fibular artery and the posterior tibial artery

70
Q

What supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

The fibular artery and the posterior tibial artery

71
Q

What tendon is struck when testing ankle jerk reflex?

A

The calcaneal tendon is struck when testing the ankle jerk reflex.

72
Q

What nerve roots does the ankle jerk reflex test, test?

A

S1 and S2 roots

73
Q

What is the subtalar joint located between?

A

The subtalar joint is located between the talus and the calcaneus

74
Q

What are the mid tarsal joints?

A

-calcaneocuboid
-talocalcaneonavicular

75
Q

what are the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

Between the cuneiforms/cuboid and the metatarsals

76
Q

What are the metatasophalangeal joints?

A

Between the metatarsals and the phalanges

77
Q

What are the interphalangeal joints?

A

between the phalanges

78
Q

Describe the motor supply to the foot.

A

the tibial nerve to the sole
the deep fibular nerve to the dorsum

79
Q

Describe the sensory nerve supply to the foot.

A

-plantar - tibial nerve
-superficial fibular nerve

Year 2 Exam Revision (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions