Msk

Question 0

What is a simple fracture?

Answer 0

One where the skin is intact

Question 1

What is a compound fracture?

Answer 1

One where the skin is not intact and risks the chances of infection

Question 2

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 2

One where the bone is fractured due to over use and repetitive stress such as walking too much on metatarsals

Question 3

What is the dorsalis pedis pulse and where?

Answer 3

It’s on the dorsum of your foot, between medial 1st metatarsal and ex digitorum and ex hallucis longus
Anterior tibial artery

Question 4

Where is the great saphenous vein on the ankle?

Answer 4

Anterior to medial malleoli

Question 5

Where is the small saphenous vein in the ankle?

Answer 5

Posterior to lateral malleoli

Question 6

Why on saphenous cut down can you feel tingling by your little toe?

Answer 6

Saphenous nerve is also there, may damage or compress

Question 7

Where is your posterior tibial pulse?

Answer 7

Post medial malleoli

Question 8

What can compartment syndrome lead to?

Answer 8

Ischaemia

Question 9

What are the 6 ps in compartment syndrome?

Answer 9

Pain
Pallor
Perishingly cold
Paraesthesia
Paralysis 
Pulse less

Question 10

Why does it hurt so much when you mid fracture the tibia?

Answer 10

Periosteum has a rich blood supply

Subcutaneous

Question 11

Where are the main perferators of the leg?

Answer 11

Ankle, calf, popliteal

Question 12

What leads to skin ulcers?

Answer 12

Stagnation - poor nutrient supply - trauma

Question 13

Why is the acilles tendon injured more in >40?

Answer 13

Degeneration

Poor blood supply

Question 14

What bones of foot responsible for eversion and inversion?

Answer 14

Subtalar

Calcaneocuboid

Question 15

What muscles support the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 15

Peroneus longus
Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 16

What muscles support the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 16

Peroneus brevis

Question 17

What bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 17

Calcareous
Cuboid
Lateral 2 metatarsals

Question 18

Why in a child might they have flat feet?

Answer 18

Fat pad hasn’t deminished yet

Arch hasn’t finished developing

Question 19

How can you test sensory deep pain?

Answer 19

Pressure squeeze test

Question 20

How can you test sensory light touch?

Answer 20

Cotton wool

Question 21

How can you test sensory pain?

Answer 21

Pin prick

Question 22

How can you test sensory temperature?

Answer 22

Cold metal object

Question 23

What is the significance of the anatomical schnuff box?

Answer 23

Radial pulse

Pain over it in a scaphoid fracture

Question 24

What are the main ligaments of spine?

Answer 24

``` Intertransverse Supra spinous Infraspinous Posterior longitudinal Anterior longitudinal Ligamentum flava ```

Question 25

What is the significance of the femoral canal?

Answer 25

No discrete structures are significant however the empty space allows distension of veins

Question 26

What is enclosed in the femoral sheath? And what's not?

Answer 26

Artery and vein Nerve is not! (Femoral for all)

Question 27

Why is the rectus femoris smooth?

Answer 27

Due to it being able to slide over muscles easily

Question 28

Why does the Vastus medialis have horizontal fibres?

Answer 28

Help with stopping locking of the knee | Lateral condyle is higher so helps stabilise medial

Question 29

Where can you find the femoral vein?

Answer 29

Femoral triangle Medial to femoral artery Feel for pulse ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 30

Why is the femoral vein significant?

Answer 30

Catheterisation

Question 31

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 31

The small triangle above knee which is inbetween adductors

Question 32

What is the adductor canal?

Answer 32

Roof and medial - sartorius Anterior and lateral - vastus medialis Posterior - adductor longus and magnus Covered by - aponeurosis and sartorius lies on this Contents - femoral artery, vein, saphenous nerve

Question 33

What is the function of iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 33

Stop hyper extension of hip

Question 34

What is function of ischiofemoral?

Answer 34

Stop hyper extension of hip

Question 35

How far can hip be extended?

Answer 35

15•

Question 36

What is the function of the pubofemoral?

Answer 36

Stop abduction

Question 37

How do you measure mensuration of the whole leg?

Answer 37

ASIS -> medial malleolus

Question 38

How do you measure mensuration of hip?

Answer 38

ASIS -> greater trochanter

Question 39

How do you measure mensuration of femur?

Answer 39

Greater trochanter -> knee joint line

Question 40

How do you measure mensuration of tibia?

Answer 40

Knee joint line -> medial malleolus

Question 41

Why does shortening occur in fractures?

Answer 41

Muscles of thigh pull up

Question 42

In shortening, what causes lateral rotation?

Answer 42

Iliopsoas changes from medial rotator to a lateral rotator

Question 43

What injury affects sciatic nerve?

Answer 43

Posterior dislocation of hip

Question 44

What is sciatics nerve course in the hip?

Answer 44

Horizontal between PSIS and ischial tuberosity | Descends vertically between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter

Question 45

What ligaments make the greater and lesser sciatic notches foramen?

Answer 45

Sacrospinous | Sacrotuberous