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2a Definitions > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical bone

A

Macro

compact, dense, solid, only spaces are for cells and blood vessels

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2
Q

Trabecular bone

A

Macro
Cancellous (spongy), network of bony struts (trabeculae), looks like sponge, many holes filled with bone marrow, cells reside in trabeculae and blood vessels in holes

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3
Q

Woven bone

A

Micro

Made quickly, disorganised, no clear structure

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4
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Micro

Made slowly, organised, layered structure

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5
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

crystalline form of calcium phosphate

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6
Q

Fibrous joint

A

teeth sockets

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7
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

intervertebral discs

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8
Q

Synovial joint

A

metacarpophalangeal and knee joint

articulating bones separated by a fluid filled cavity

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9
Q

Bursae

A

fluid filled sacs lined by synovial membrane

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10
Q

Menisci

A

discs of fibrocartilage

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11
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Cartilage loss with accompanying periarticular (around the joint) bone response
Inflammation of articular (actually in contact with bone) and periarticular structure and alteration in cartilage structure

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12
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Scope inserted into joint to assess damage and remove loose bodies

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13
Q

Arthroplasty

A

knee or hip replacement

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14
Q

Osteotomy

A

cut bone to change shape/length

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15
Q

Fusion

A

usually of ankle and foot to prevent painful grinding of bones

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16
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

A chronic systemic autoimmune disorder causing a symmetrical polyarthritis

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17
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of tendons

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18
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and a micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.
Bone mineral density more that 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean score

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19
Q

Osteopenia

A

pre-cursor to osteoporosis characterised by low bone density

BMD between 1-2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean value

20
Q

Osteomalacia

A

poor bone mineralisation leading to soft bone due to lack of Ca2+ (adults form of ricket’s)

21
Q

Autoimmune Rheumatological Disorders

A

an autoimmune disease is a pathological condition caused by an immune response directed against an antigen within the host

22
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

an inflammatory, multisystem autoimmune disorder with arthralgia and rashes as the most common clinical features, and cerebral and renal diseases as the most serious problems

23
Q

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)

A

Syndrome characterised by thrombosis (arterial or venous) and/or recurrent miscarriages with positive blood tests for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)

24
Q

Sjorgrens syndrome

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder
characterised by immunologically mediated destruction of epithelial exocrine glands, especially the lacrimal (eyes) and salivary glands

25
Q

Systemic Sclerosis (scleroderma)

A

Multisystem disease with involvement of skin and Raynauds phenomenon
Distinct from localised scleroderma such as morphea, that do not involve internal organ disease and are rarely associated with vasospasm (Raynaud’s phenomenon)

26
Q

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

A

Polymyositis(PM) is a rare muscle disorder of unknown aetiology in which there is inflammation and necrosis of skeletal muscle fibres
When the skin is involved it is called dermatomyositis (DM)

27
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Consists of intermittent spasm in the arteries supplying the fingers and toes usually precipitated by cold and relieved by heat.
no underlying cause = disease
underlying cause = phenomenom

28
Q

seronegative spondyloarthropathies/spondyloarthritis

A

Group of overlapping conditions that all share certain clinical features:

  • axial inflammation - spine and sacroiliac joints
  • asymmetrical peripheral arthritis
  • absence of rheumatoid factor hence ‘seronegative’
  • strong association with HLA-B27 - but aetiology all relevance is unclear
29
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the spine, ribs and sacroiliac joints
Ankylosis= abnormal stiffening and immobility of joint due to new bone formation

30
Q

Reactive Arthritis

A

Sterile inflammation of the synovial membrane (synovitis), tendons and fascia triggered by an infection at a distant site, usually gastro-intestinal or genital. Typically affects lower limb

31
Q

Systemic vasculitis

A

Is a histological term describing inflammation of the vessel wall

32
Q

Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

A

Inflammatory granulomatous arteritis of large cerebral arteries as well as other large vessels e.g. aorta, which occurs in association with PMR

33
Q

Gout and Hyperuricaemia

A

An inflammatory arthritis that is associated with hyperuricaemia (high levels of uric acid) and intra-articular monosodium urate crystals.

34
Q

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy)

A

Deposition of Calcium Pyrophosphate crystals on joint surface

35
Q

Paget’s disease of bone

A

A focal disorder of bone remodelling

36
Q

Rickets

A

Defective mineralisation during of bone growth at the epiphyseal growth plate

37
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Defective mineralisation after fusion of the epiphyses i.e. in adults

38
Q

Acute disc disease

A

Prolapse of the intervertebral disc results in acute back pain (LUMBAGO)

39
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Widespread musculoskeletal pain after other diseases have been excluded
Symptoms present for at least 3 months and other causes have been excluded
Pain at 11 of 18 tender point sites on digital palpation (with enough pressure so that the thumb blanches)

40
Q

fibro

A

soft tissue

41
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

42
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

bone marrow inflammation

infection localised to bone

43
Q

Major trauma

A

serious and often multiple injuries where there is a strong possibility of death or disability with an injury severity score (ISS) greater that 15

44
Q

Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis

A

Defined as joint swelling/stiffness/limitation in those older than 6 weeks but under 16 with no other causes
7 subtypes according to presentation

45
Q

Fracture

A

Soft tissue injury in which there is also a break in the continuity of a surface or substructure of bone

46
Q

Salter-Harris fracture classification

A

Classification for fractures involving the physis (growth plate) - higher the number the more damage and thus worse prognosis

2a Definitions (8 decks)

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