MSK Flashcards
1
Q
Definition of OA
A
Disorder of synovial joints which occurs when damage triggers repair processes leading to structural changes within a joint
2
Q
Risk factors of OA
A
Genetic Biological - increasing age - female sex - obesity - high/low bone density Biomechanical - joint injury and damage - joint laxity and reduced muscle strength - joint malalignment - exercise stresses - occupational stresses
3
Q
Complications of OA
A
Joint deformity - Herberden's nodes - DIPJ - Bouchard's nodes - PIPJ Functional impairment Psychosocial impact Occupational impact Falls Chronic pain syndrome
4
Q
Clinical presentation of OA
A
Activity-related joint pain No morning stiffness Functional impairment Bony swelling and joint deformity Joint effusions Joint warmth Muscle wasting and weakness Restricted ROM, crepitus Joint instability
5
Q
X-ray features of OA
A
Loss of joint space
Bony spurs
Subchondral sclerosis
Osteophytes
6
Q
Differential diagnosis of OA
A
Inflammatory arthropathy Septic joint Fracture Malignancy Ganglion Sciatica Spinal stenosis Iliotibial band syndrome Meniscal tear
7
Q
Management of OA
A
Self-care management - recommended weight loss - local muscle strengthening Simple analgesia - paracetamol - NSAIDs - topical Oral NSAIDs Oral codeine Topical capsaicin
8
Q
Definition of RA
A
Chronic systemic inflammatory disease
- typically affects small joints of hands and feet
9
Q
Complications of RA
A
Amyloidosis Anaemia Dry eye syndrome Fatigue Increased mortality ILD Neuropathy Carpal tunnel syndrome Increased joint replacement Tendon rupture Vasculitis Weight loss CVD Depression Lymphomas Serious infections
10
Q
Complications of drug treatment of RA
A
GI affects - NSAIDs Infection - glucocorticoids - immunosuppressants Liver toxicity - methotrexate Malignancy - TNF alpha inhibitor Osteoporosis
11
Q
Clinical features of RA
A
Pain - worse at rest Swelling Stiffness - early morning over 1 hour Rheumatoid nodules Extra-articular features - vasculitis Systemic features - malaise - fatigue - fever - sweats - weight loss Family history of RA
12
Q
Differential diagnosis of RA
A
Connective tissue disorder Fibromyalgia Infectious arthritis OA Polyarticular gout Polymyalgia rheumatica Psoriatic arthritis Reactive arthritis Sarcoidosis Septic arthritis Seronegative spondyloarthritis
13
Q
Management of RA
A
DMARD - methotrexate - leflunomide - sulfasalazine - hydroxychloroquine - palindromic disease Glucocorticoids - bridging
14
Q
Define spondyloarthritis
A
Group of clinically heterogeneous inflammatory rheumatologic conditions
15
Q
Define ankylosing spondylitis
A
Axial spondyloarthritis characterised by sacroiliitis on x-ray
