MSK Flashcards
1
Q
4 Types of Bone Cells
A
- Osteoprogenitor: proliferate to form osteoblasts
- Osteoblasts: mineralization, bone remodelling, can become osteocytes
- Osteocytes: centrepiece of boney matrix
- Osteoclasts: bone breakdown
2
Q
Muscle Hierarchy
A
- Myofilaments (myosin + actin)
- Sarcomere
- Myofibres
- Muscle fibres (covered by endomyseium)
- Muscle fasciculus (covered by perimyseium)
- Muscle (covered by epimyseium)
3
Q
Tendon vs Ligament
A
- Tendon: muscle-bone, more collagen, limited perfusion, best for large uni-directional loads
- Ligament: bone-bone (“like”), less collagen, limited perfusion, better for multi-directional loads
4
Q
3 Types of Joints
A
- Fibrous: little/ no mvmnt, skull
- Cartilaginous: some mvmnt, femur, bw vertebrae
- Synovial: ball + socket (hip), condyloid (MCP), saddle (CMC), hinge (elbow), pivot (atlanto-axial), plane (acromioclavicular)
5
Q
3 Types of Cartilage
A
- Fibro: transitional cartilage, labrum, menisci
- Elastic: outer ear, epiglottis
- Hyaline/ Articular: thin, dense, translucent, no BVs/ lymphatic channels/ innervation
6
Q
MSK Embryology
A
- Somites: condensed cuboidal mesoderm tissue, form majority of MSK system, axial specification (same fncn even in a new spot).
- Ossification (bone formation):
- Intramembranous: bone directly from mesoderm. (mesoderm → mesenchymal cell → osteoblasts → secrete collagen matrix → Ca pulled into the matrix → Ca lays down spicules of bone → connect to each other over time → bone)
- Endochondral: bone from hyaline cartilage model. (mesoderm → chondrocytes (committed cartilage cells) → compact nodules → proliferating chondrocytes → hypertrophic chondrocytes → atrophy → angiogenesis here → brings Ca → bone) (then secondary ossification of the epiphyseal plate after growth)
7
Q
Congenital Defect - Achondroplasia
A
- FGF 3 - auto dom defect
- Affects cartilage production → affects endochondral formation (no cartilage model for elongation) → ↓ limb bone length BUT normal head size/ skull/ calvarium bc intramembranous formation unaffected.
8
Q
Acute Injury - “SHARP”
A
- SHARP: swelling, heat, altered fncn, red, pain
- From 1 single event
- Quick onset of sx
- Usually worst during 48-72 hrs post-injury
- Tx: RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevation
9
Q
3 Degrees of a Sprain (Ligament)
A
- Minor: can weight bear, little swelling, no laxity/ solid end feel.
- Tx: RICE + max 7-10 days non-wt bearing - Moderate: muscle spasms, partial laxity, some swelling and dec ROM, point tenderness, usually can’t wt bear
- Tx: RICE + 2-4 wks non-wt bearing. Expect full healing with immobilization with full healing expected. - Severe: laxity/ empty end feel, big dec ROM, can not wt bear
- Tx: RICE, 4-6 wks non-wt bearing, possibly surgical repair.
10
Q
3 Degrees of a Strain (Muscle)
A
- Minor: DOMS, small dec ROM, can generate force + maintain contraction
- Moderate: muscle spasms, sub-optimal muscle contraction, big dec ROM, lots of pain + swelling
- Severe: visible deformity, can’t contract, no ROM.
11
Q
3 Types of Fracture
A
- Sudden impact #: normal bone + abnormal force
- Stress #: normal bone + repetitive force
- Pathologic #: abnormal bone + normal force (underlying disease)
12
Q
Tendonitis/ Tendinopathy
A
- Itis = acute inflammation
- Opathy = chronic, less of an inflammatory component
- From chronic eccentric loading of musculotendinous region
13
Q
Ectopic Calcification/ Myositis Ossificans
A
- Bone formation in or around muscle
- From severe or repetitive contusions, or continuous use of injured muscle
14
Q
Osteoarthritis
A
- Progressive degeneration of a joints articular cartilage
- Location:
15
Q
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A
- Location: