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Anatomy - Year 3 > MSK 2 - Upper Limbs 2 > Flashcards

MSK 2 - Upper Limbs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

A

Lesser tubercle

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2
Q

What is B?

A

Coronoid fossa

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3
Q

What is C?

A

Trochlea

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4
Q

What is D?

A

Capitulum

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5
Q

What is E?

A

Radial fossa

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6
Q

What is F?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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7
Q

What is G?

A

Intertubercula groove

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8
Q

What is H?

A

Greater tubercle

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9
Q

What is I?

A

Surgical neck

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10
Q

What is J?

A

Radial groove

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11
Q

What is K?

A

Medial epicondyle

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12
Q

What is L?

A

Olecrannon fossa

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13
Q

What is M?

A

Shaft

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14
Q

What is N?

A

Anatomical neck

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15
Q

What is O?

A

Head

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16
Q

What do fascial compartments contain?

A

Groups of muscles and neurovascular structures enveloped by a layer of connective (fibrous) tissue

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17
Q

How do muscles within the same comparment compare to each other?

A

Usually act similarly on a joint, sharing a common nerve and blood supply

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18
Q

What joints do the muscles of the anterior comparment of the arm act on?

A

Elbow and superior radio-ulnar joint

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19
Q

What is 1?

A

Bicep brachii (short head)

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20
Q

What is 2?

A

Brachialis

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21
Q

What is 3?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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22
Q

What is 4?

A

Coracobrachialis

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23
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of arm?

A

Bicep brachii

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of bicep brachii?

A
  • Origin
    • Scapula via 2 heads
  • Insertion
    • Radial tuberosity
    • Also attaches through the bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia of forearm
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25
Q

What joints does the bicep brachii act on?

A

Shoulder

Elbow

Radio-ulnar joints

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26
Q

Where do the following heads of bicep brachii originate:

  • short head
  • long head
A
  • Short head
    • Coracoid process of scapula
  • Long head
    • Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
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27
Q

Where does the long head of bicep brachii tendon run?

A

Passes through shoulder joint and runs down the intertubercular groove of humerus

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28
Q

What action does the bicep brachii have on:

  • shoulder
  • elbow
  • superior radio-ulnar joint
A
  • Shoulder
    • Flexion
  • Elbow
    • Flexion
  • Radio-ulnar joint
    • Involved in supination (action of radius rotating over ulna)
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29
Q

For the coracobrachialis:

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • Origin
    • Tip of carocoid process of scapula
  • Insertion
    • Medial aspect of mid-shaft of humerus
  • Action
    • Flex and adduct the arm at shoulder joint
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30
Q

For brachialis muscle:

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • Origin
    • Anterior surface of distal shaft of humerus
  • Insertion
    • Coronoid process of ulna
  • Action
    • Flexion of elbow
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31
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of arm?

A
  1. Bicep brachii
  2. Caracobrachialis
  3. Brachialis
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32
Q

What is the deepest muscle of the anterior compartment of arm?

A

Brachialis

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33
Q

What nerve supplies all the muscles of the anterior comparment of arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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34
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve branch from?

A

Terminal branch from lateral cord of brachial plexus

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35
Q

What is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

It enters the arm by perforating the coracobrachialis, descending distally between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles. After crossing the elbow joint it gives off its terminal branch to supply the skin as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

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36
Q

What branch comes of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

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37
Q

What is the segmental or root value of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C 5 to C 6

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38
Q

Does the musculocutaneous nerve supply any muscles in the forearm or hand?

A

Yes, as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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39
Q

What is 1?

A

Axillary artery

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40
Q

What is 2?

A

Median nerve

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41
Q

What is 3?

A

Radial nerve

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42
Q

What is 4?

A

Ulnar nerve

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43
Q

What is the brachial artery a continuation of?

A

Axillary artery

44
Q

Where does the brachial artery begin, and when does it divide?

A

It begins at the lower border of teres major and ends in the cubital fossa by dividing into radial and ulnar arteries, close to the neck of the radius.

45
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into?

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

46
Q

What artery branches from the brachial artery and goes deep?

A

The profunda brachii (or deep artery of the arm) is one of the main branches given off passing deep to the triceps muscle, along with the radial nerve.

47
Q

What does the profunda brachii travel alongside?

A

Radial nerve

48
Q

What is non-invasive blood pressure taken with?

A

Sphygmomanometer

49
Q

What sounds can be heard with stephoscope at the brachial artery to measure BP?

A

Korotkoff’s sounds

50
Q

For median nerve:

  • arises from
  • course
  • branches
A
  • Arises from
    • 1 root from lateral cord and 1 root from medial cord of brachial plexus
  • Course
    • Descends along anterior side of axillary artery and upper part of brachial artery
    • In the middle part of arm it crosses to the medial aspect of brachial artery and enters cubital fossa
  • Branches
    • Gives of no branches either in the axilla or upper arm
51
Q

How does the median nerve lie relative to axillary artery?

A

Anterior

52
Q

Ulnar nerve:

  • arises from
  • couse
  • innervation in upper arm
A
  • Arises from
    • Medial cord of brachial plexus
  • Course
    • Descends along medial side of brachial artery and then enters the posterior compartment throught he medial intermuscular septum
    • Runs along medial head of triceps and to the lie behind the medial epicondyle at elbow
  • Innervation in upper limb
    • None, only muscles in forarm and hands
53
Q

How does the ulnar nerve lie relative to brachial artery?

A

Medial side

54
Q

What does ulnar nerve travel through to enter posterior compartment?

A

Medial intermuscular septum

55
Q

Through what head of the tricep does the ulnar head run next to?

A

Medial head

56
Q

Ulnar nerve lies behind what epicondyle of elbow?

A

Medial epicondyle

57
Q

What muscle(s) forms the posterior compartmet of arm?

A

Tricep brachii

58
Q

For tricep brachii:

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation
A
  • Origin
    • Long head from infra-glenoid tubercle of scapula
    • 2 shorter heads - lateral and medial heads - from humerus
  • Insertion
    • Olecranon process of ulna
  • Action
    • Extension of elbow
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
59
Q

Which head of the triceps attaches onto the infra-glenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Long head

60
Q

What is the main action of triceps on the elbow joint?

A

Extension

61
Q

What muscle aids triceps action at elbow?

A

Anconeus muscle

62
Q

What is the action of the triceps and anconeus muscle?

A

Extension

63
Q

What is the nerve supply to triceps and anconeus?

A

Radial nerve

64
Q

What is A?

A

Lateral head of tricep

65
Q

What is B?

A

Long head of tricep

66
Q

Radial nerve:

  • arises from
  • course
  • innervates
A
  • Arises from
    • One of terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus
  • Course
    • Enterns arm anterior to medial head of tricep and runs with the profunda brachii artery
    • Descends down radial groove, then appears as one of the most lateral structures of distal arm between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles
  • Innervation
    • All extensor muscles of elbow and wrist joint
67
Q

Does the radial nerve go to anterior or posterior compartment of arm?

A

Posterior

68
Q

What tricep head does the radial nerve run next to?

A

Anterior to medial head of tricep

69
Q

What is the segmental (root value) value of the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

70
Q

What is the characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury?

A

Unwanted elbow and wrist flexion

71
Q

Injury to the following nerves are most commonly due to fractures where:

  • radial nerve
  • ulnar nerve
  • axillary nerve
A
  • Radial nerve
    • spiral groove
  • Ulnar nerve
    • medial epicondyle
  • Axillary nerve
    • surgical neck
72
Q

What does the antecubutal fossa act as?

A

Conduit for passage of major neurovascular structures from arm down to forearm and hand

73
Q

What is A?

A

Brachial artery

74
Q

What is B?

A

Brachial vein

75
Q

What is C?

A

biceps tendon

76
Q

What is D?

A

Bicipital apneurosis

77
Q

What is E?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

78
Q

What is F?

A

radial nerve

79
Q

What is G?

A

brachioradialis

80
Q

Which vein lies anterior to the roof of the antecubital fossa?

A

Median cubital vein

81
Q

At what level does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar artery?

A

Neck of the radias

82
Q

Which of the cephalic and basilic veins are lateral and medial?

A

Medial - basilic vein

Lateral - cephalic vein

83
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

84
Q

What is A?

A

Radius head

85
Q

What is B?

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

86
Q

What is C?

A

Medial epicondyle

87
Q

What is D?

A

Olecranon of ulnar

88
Q

What is E?

A

Coronoid fossa

89
Q

What is F?

A

Lateral epicondyle

90
Q

What is support to the elbow joint provided by?

A

Support to the joint is provided by the thickening of the medial and lateral aspects of the capsule – this forming the medial and lateral collateral ligaments.

91
Q

What ligaments are found around the elbow joint?

A

Medial collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

92
Q

Which ligament holds the ulnar in place?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

93
Q

Which ligament holds the head of the radius?

A

Radial collateral ligament

94
Q

What 3 muscles cause flexion of elbow joint?

A
  1. Bicep brachii
  2. Brachialis
  3. Brachioradialis
95
Q

What 2 muscles cause extension of elbow?

A
  1. Tricep brachii
  2. Anconeus
96
Q

What are different kinds of eponymous elbows?

A
  • Students elbow
  • Tennis elbow
  • Golfers elbow
97
Q

What causes eponymous elbows?

A

A number of structures can be injured in the elbow through overuse and injury to these structures comes with a number of eponymous titles.

98
Q

What structures damaged to cause:

  • students elbow
  • tennis elbow
  • golfers elbow
A
  • Students elbow
    • Olecranon bursitis
  • Tennis elbow
    • Lateral epicondylitis
  • Golfers elbow
    • Medial epicondylitis
99
Q

How many points do the radius and ulnar bones articulate?

A

2 points (proximal and distal)

100
Q

What kind of joint are the radio-ulnar joints?

A

Both are pivot type synovial joints

101
Q

What movement does the radio-ulnar joints allow?

A

Supination and pronation of forearm

102
Q

What ligament supports the proximal radio-ulnar joint at elbow?

A

Annular ligament

103
Q

Which is supination and pronation?

A

A - supination

B - pronation

104
Q

What are the main muscles involved in supination of radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • Bicep brachii
  • Supinator
105
Q

What are main muscles involved in pronation of radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Pronator teres

Anatomy - Year 3 (18 decks)

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