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Anatomy - Year 3 > MSK 2 - Upper Limbs 2 > Flashcards

MSK 2 - Upper Limbs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

A

Lesser tubercle

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2
Q

What is B?

A

Coronoid fossa

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3
Q

What is C?

A

Trochlea

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4
Q

What is D?

A

Capitulum

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5
Q

What is E?

A

Radial fossa

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6
Q

What is F?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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7
Q

What is G?

A

Intertubercula groove

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8
Q

What is H?

A

Greater tubercle

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9
Q

What is I?

A

Surgical neck

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10
Q

What is J?

A

Radial groove

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11
Q

What is K?

A

Medial epicondyle

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12
Q

What is L?

A

Olecrannon fossa

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13
Q

What is M?

A

Shaft

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14
Q

What is N?

A

Anatomical neck

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15
Q

What is O?

A

Head

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16
Q

What do fascial compartments contain?

A

Groups of muscles and neurovascular structures enveloped by a layer of connective (fibrous) tissue

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17
Q

How do muscles within the same comparment compare to each other?

A

Usually act similarly on a joint, sharing a common nerve and blood supply

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18
Q

What joints do the muscles of the anterior comparment of the arm act on?

A

Elbow and superior radio-ulnar joint

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19
Q

What is 1?

A

Bicep brachii (short head)

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20
Q

What is 2?

A

Brachialis

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21
Q

What is 3?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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22
Q

What is 4?

A

Coracobrachialis

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23
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of arm?

A

Bicep brachii

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of bicep brachii?

A
  • Origin
    • Scapula via 2 heads
  • Insertion
    • Radial tuberosity
    • Also attaches through the bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia of forearm
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25
What joints does the bicep brachii act on?
Shoulder Elbow Radio-ulnar joints
26
Where do the following heads of bicep brachii originate: - short head - long head
* Short head * Coracoid process of scapula * Long head * Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
27
Where does the long head of bicep brachii tendon run?
Passes through shoulder joint and runs down the intertubercular groove of humerus
28
What action does the bicep brachii have on: - shoulder - elbow - superior radio-ulnar joint
* Shoulder * Flexion * Elbow * Flexion * Radio-ulnar joint * Involved in supination (action of radius rotating over ulna)
29
For the coracobrachialis: - origin - insertion - action
* Origin * Tip of carocoid process of scapula * Insertion * Medial aspect of mid-shaft of humerus * Action * Flex and adduct the arm at shoulder joint
30
For brachialis muscle: - origin - insertion - action
* Origin * Anterior surface of distal shaft of humerus * Insertion * Coronoid process of ulna * Action * Flexion of elbow
31
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of arm?
1. Bicep brachii 2. Caracobrachialis 3. Brachialis
32
What is the deepest muscle of the anterior compartment of arm?
Brachialis
33
What nerve supplies all the muscles of the anterior comparment of arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
34
What does the musculocutaneous nerve branch from?
Terminal branch from lateral cord of brachial plexus
35
What is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve?
It enters the arm by perforating the coracobrachialis, descending distally between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles. After crossing the elbow joint it gives off its terminal branch to supply the skin as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
36
What branch comes of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
37
What is the segmental or root value of the musculocutaneous nerve?
C 5 to C 6
38
Does the musculocutaneous nerve supply any muscles in the forearm or hand?
Yes, as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
39
What is 1?
Axillary artery
40
What is 2?
Median nerve
41
What is 3?
Radial nerve
42
What is 4?
Ulnar nerve
43
What is the brachial artery a continuation of?
Axillary artery
44
Where does the brachial artery begin, and when does it divide?
It begins at the lower border of teres major and ends in the cubital fossa by dividing into radial and ulnar arteries, close to the neck of the radius.
45
What does the brachial artery divide into?
Radial and ulnar arteries
46
What artery branches from the brachial artery and goes deep?
The profunda brachii (or deep artery of the arm) is one of the main branches given off passing deep to the triceps muscle, along with the radial nerve.
47
What does the profunda brachii travel alongside?
Radial nerve
48
What is non-invasive blood pressure taken with?
Sphygmomanometer
49
What sounds can be heard with stephoscope at the brachial artery to measure BP?
Korotkoff's sounds
50
For median nerve: - arises from - course - branches
* Arises from * 1 root from lateral cord and 1 root from medial cord of brachial plexus * Course * Descends along anterior side of axillary artery and upper part of brachial artery * In the middle part of arm it crosses to the medial aspect of brachial artery and enters cubital fossa * Branches * Gives of no branches either in the axilla or upper arm
51
How does the median nerve lie relative to axillary artery?
Anterior
52
Ulnar nerve: - arises from - couse - innervation in upper arm
* Arises from * Medial cord of brachial plexus * Course * Descends along medial side of brachial artery and then enters the posterior compartment throught he medial intermuscular septum * Runs along medial head of triceps and to the lie behind the medial epicondyle at elbow * Innervation in upper limb * None, only muscles in forarm and hands
53
How does the ulnar nerve lie relative to brachial artery?
Medial side
54
What does ulnar nerve travel through to enter posterior compartment?
Medial intermuscular septum
55
Through what head of the tricep does the ulnar head run next to?
Medial head
56
Ulnar nerve lies behind what epicondyle of elbow?
Medial epicondyle
57
What muscle(s) forms the posterior compartmet of arm?
Tricep brachii
58
For tricep brachii: - origin - insertion - action - innervation
* Origin * Long head from infra-glenoid tubercle of scapula * 2 shorter heads - lateral and medial heads - from humerus * Insertion * Olecranon process of ulna * Action * Extension of elbow * Innervation * Radial nerve
59
Which head of the triceps attaches onto the infra-glenoid tubercle of the scapula?
Long head
60
What is the main action of triceps on the elbow joint?
Extension
61
What muscle aids triceps action at elbow?
Anconeus muscle
62
What is the action of the triceps and anconeus muscle?
Extension
63
What is the nerve supply to triceps and anconeus?
Radial nerve
64
What is A?
Lateral head of tricep
65
What is B?
Long head of tricep
66
Radial nerve: - arises from - course - innervates
* Arises from * One of terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus * Course * Enterns arm anterior to medial head of tricep and runs with the profunda brachii artery * Descends down radial groove, then appears as one of the most lateral structures of distal arm between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles * Innervation * All extensor muscles of elbow and wrist joint
67
Does the radial nerve go to anterior or posterior compartment of arm?
Posterior
68
What tricep head does the radial nerve run next to?
Anterior to medial head of tricep
69
What is the segmental (root value) value of the radial nerve?
C5-T1
70
What is the characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury?
Unwanted elbow and wrist flexion
71
Injury to the following nerves are most commonly due to fractures where: - radial nerve - ulnar nerve - axillary nerve
* Radial nerve * spiral groove * Ulnar nerve * medial epicondyle * Axillary nerve * surgical neck
72
What does the antecubutal fossa act as?
Conduit for passage of major neurovascular structures from arm down to forearm and hand
73
What is A?
Brachial artery
74
What is B?
Brachial vein
75
What is C?
biceps tendon
76
What is D?
Bicipital apneurosis
77
What is E?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
78
What is F?
radial nerve
79
What is G?
brachioradialis
80
Which vein lies anterior to the roof of the antecubital fossa?
Median cubital vein
81
At what level does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar artery?
Neck of the radias
82
Which of the cephalic and basilic veins are lateral and medial?
Medial - basilic vein Lateral - cephalic vein
83
What kind of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial hinge joint
84
What is A?
Radius head
85
What is B?
Proximal radio-ulnar joint
86
What is C?
Medial epicondyle
87
What is D?
Olecranon of ulnar
88
What is E?
Coronoid fossa
89
What is F?
Lateral epicondyle
90
What is support to the elbow joint provided by?
Support to the joint is provided by the thickening of the medial and lateral aspects of the capsule – this forming the medial and lateral collateral ligaments.
91
What ligaments are found around the elbow joint?
Medial collateral ligament Lateral collateral ligament
92
Which ligament holds the ulnar in place?
Ulnar collateral ligament
93
Which ligament holds the head of the radius?
Radial collateral ligament
94
What 3 muscles cause flexion of elbow joint?
1. Bicep brachii 2. Brachialis 3. Brachioradialis
95
What 2 muscles cause extension of elbow?
1. Tricep brachii 2. Anconeus
96
What are different kinds of eponymous elbows?
* Students elbow * Tennis elbow * Golfers elbow
97
What causes eponymous elbows?
A number of structures can be injured in the elbow through overuse and injury to these structures comes with a number of eponymous titles.
98
What structures damaged to cause: - students elbow - tennis elbow - golfers elbow
* Students elbow * Olecranon bursitis * Tennis elbow * Lateral epicondylitis * Golfers elbow * Medial epicondylitis
99
How many points do the radius and ulnar bones articulate?
2 points (proximal and distal)
100
What kind of joint are the radio-ulnar joints?
Both are pivot type synovial joints
101
What movement does the radio-ulnar joints allow?
Supination and pronation of forearm
102
What ligament supports the proximal radio-ulnar joint at elbow?
Annular ligament
103
Which is supination and pronation?
A - supination B - pronation
104
What are the main muscles involved in supination of radio-ulnar joint?
* Bicep brachii * Supinator
105
What are main muscles involved in pronation of radio-ulnar joint?
* Pronator quadratus * Pronator teres

Anatomy - Year 3 (18 decks)

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