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ESA2 > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

0
Q

What are the constituents and functions of the axial skeleton?

A
  • Skull, vertebral column and rib cage

- Protection and support

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1
Q

List the functions of the skeleton/bones

A

Mechanical - Support, protection, shape, movement

Physiological - haemopoiesis, mineral storage, lipid storage

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2
Q

What are the constituents and functions of the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • Upper and lower limbs

- Mobility

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3
Q

List the 5 types of bone

A

Long, short, flat, sesamoid, irregular

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4
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

Roughened, rounded elevation

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5
Q

What is a tubercule?

A

Small elevation

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6
Q

What is a spine?

A

Slender projection

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7
Q

What is a trochanter?

A

Large projection of femur

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8
Q

What is a condyle?

A

Large prominence/rounded surface

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9
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

Smaller prominence above a condyle

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10
Q

What is a facet?

A

Flattened surface for joint/muscle attachment

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11
Q

What is a crest?

A

Ridge

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12
Q

What is a sinus?

A

Hollow space

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13
Q

What is a meatus?

A

Tunnel/canal

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14
Q

What is a fossa?

A

Depression

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15
Q

What is a foramen?

A

Hole/opening

16
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Cleft/narrow slit

17
Q

What is a notch?

A

Large groove

18
Q

What is a joint?

A

An articulation between two or more bones

19
Q

Describe the composition of a fibrous joint and give examples

A

Connected by dense connective tissue, with no joint cavity.

Fixed and immovable

20
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary are synchondroses, connected by hyaline cartilage e.g. epiphyseal growth plates
Secondary are symphyses connected by fibrocartilage and hyaline e.g. pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

21
Q

Describe the general structure of a synovial joint

A
  • Articular capsule (synovial memb) around joint
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular hyaline cartilage
22
Q

What movements does a hinge joint allow?

A

Flexion and extension

23
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

Concave and convex joint surfaces

24
Q

What is the structure of a plane joint and what movements does it allow?

A

Bony process fits into bony ligamentous socket

Rotation

25
Q

What movements does a condyloid joint allow?

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction

26
Q

What is the structure of a ball + socket joint and what movement does it allow?

A

Rounded head fits into concavity

Movement in several axes

27
Q

What factors does joint stability depend on?

A
  • Articular surface
  • Ligaments
  • Muscles

ESA2 (5 decks)

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