Anatomy Flashcards
How is the scapula attached to the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular joint - acromion of scapula with acromial/lateral end of clavicle
How is the scapula attached to the humerus?
Glenohumeral joint - head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
How does the humerus articulate with the radius?
Humeroradial joint - head of radius and capitulum of humerus
How does the humerus articulate with the ulna?
Trochlear notch of ulna with trochlea of humerus
List the common fracture sites of the upper limb?
Surgical neck of humerus Supracondylar fracture of humerus Clavicle Distal ulna and radius Scaphoid
Describe the proximal and distal radioulnar joints
Proximal = head of radius and radial notch of ulna Distal = head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
What is the interosseous membrane?
Fibrous joint
Fibres run inferio-medially from radius to ulna
Allows distribution of force
List the bones of the wrist
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
How is pectoralis major innervated?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Which artery supplies pectoralis major?
thoracoacromial artery
What is the action of pectoralis major?
Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of humerus
What are the origins and insertions of pectoralis major?
Origins = clavicular and sternal heads Insertion = intertubercular groove of humerus
How is pectoralis minor innervated?
Medial pectoral nerve
Which artery supplies pectoralis minor?
Thoracoacromial trunk
What is the action of pectoralis minor?
Depresses shoulder
What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?
Origin = ribs 3-5 Insertion = coracoid process
How is serratus anterior innervated?
Long thoracic nerve
Which arteries supply serratus anterior?
Superior thoracic artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Thoracodorsal artery
What are the actions of serratus anterior?
Rotates scapula to allow arm to raise above 90degrees
Protracted scapula against ribcage
What is the origin and insertion of serratus anterior?
Origin = ribs 1-8 Insertion = medial border of scapula
How is subclavius innervated?
Nerve to subclavius
Which arteries supply subclavius?
Suprascapular artery
Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery
What is the action of subclavius?
Depresses clavicle
What is the origin and insertion of subclavius?
Origin = 1st costochondral joint Insertion = subclavian groove on inferior surface of clavicle
How is biceps brachii innervated?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Which arteries supply biceps brachii?
Muscular branches of brachial artery
What are the actions of biceps brachii?
Supinates forearm
Flexes arm at elbow (when supine)
What are the origins of biceps brachii?
Short head - coracoid process of scapula
Long head - supraglenoid tubercule of scapula
Where does biceps brachii insert?
Radial tuberosity
Bicipital aponeurosis
How is brachialis innervated?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Which arteries supply brachialis?
Muscular branches of brachial artery
Recurrent radial artery
Where does brachialis originate from?
Distal humerus
Where is brachialis inserted?
Coronoid process
Tuberosity of ulna
What is the action of brachialis?
Flexes forearm
How is coracobrachialis innervated?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)
Which artery supplies coracobrachialis?
Muscular branches of brachial artery
What is the action of coracobrachialis?
Flexion and adduction of arm
Where does coracobrachialis originate from?
Coracoid process of scapula
Where does coracobrachialis insert?
Medial humerus (at level of deltoid tuberosity)
How is triceps brachii innervated?
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Which artery supplies triceps brachii?
Branches of deep brachial artery
Where does triceps brachii originate from?
Long head - infraglenoid tubercule
Lateral head - humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial head - humerus, inferior to radial groove
Where does triceps brachii insert?
Olecranon process of ulna
What is the action of triceps brachii?
Extension of arm at elbow
How is anconeus innervated?
Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Which arteries supply anconeus?
Middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery
Recurrent interosseous artery
What is the action of anconeus?
Extends forearm
Abducts ulna during pronation
Where does anconeus originate from?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Where does anconeus insert?
Posterior and lateral part of olecranon process
How is trapezius innervated?
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
What are the actions of trapezius?
Superior part - elevates scapula
Middle part - retract scapula
Inferior part - depresses scapula
Superior and inferior act together to rotate scapula upwards, allowing abduction beyond 90degrees
How is latissimus dorsi innervated?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)
Where does latissimus dorsi insert?
Floor of inter tubercular groove of humerus
Where does latissimus dorsi originate from?
Inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae
Thoracocolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
What is the action of latissimus dorsi?
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
How is levator scapulae innervated?
Dorsal scapular and cervical nerves
What is the action of levator scapulae?
Elevates scapula
Rotates scapula, depressing glenoid cavity
How are the rhomboids innervated?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What are the actions of the rhomboids?
Retract scapula
Rotate scapula, depressing glenoid cavity
How is the deltoid muscle innervated?
Axillary nerve
Where does the deltoid muscle originate from?
Scapula and clavicle
Where does the deltoid muscle insert?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?
Anterior fibres - flex arm at shoulder
Middle fibres - abduct arm 15-90 degrees
Posterior fibres - extend arm at shoulder
How is teres major innervated?
Lower subscapular nerve
Where does teres major originate from?
Inferior angle of posterior scapula
Where does teres major insert?
Inter tubercular groove of humerus
What is the action of teres major?
Adduct and medially rotate arm
Name the four rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Where do the rotator muscles attach?
Originate from scapula
Insert onto humeral head to hold it in glenoid cavity
What is the function and innervation of supraspinatus?
0-15 degrees abduction Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
What is the function and innervation of infraspinatus?
Lateral rotation of arm Suprascapular nerve (c5,6)
What is the function and innervation of teres minor?
Lateral rotation of arm
Weak adductor
Axillary nerve
What is the function and innervation of subscapularis?
Medial rotation of arm
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
