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ESA2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

How is the scapula attached to the clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular joint - acromion of scapula with acromial/lateral end of clavicle

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1
Q

How is the scapula attached to the humerus?

A

Glenohumeral joint - head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

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2
Q

How does the humerus articulate with the radius?

A

Humeroradial joint - head of radius and capitulum of humerus

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3
Q

How does the humerus articulate with the ulna?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna with trochlea of humerus

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4
Q

List the common fracture sites of the upper limb?

A 
Surgical neck of humerus
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
Clavicle 
Distal ulna and radius
Scaphoid
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5
Q

Describe the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A 
Proximal = head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Distal = head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
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6
Q

What is the interosseous membrane?

A

Fibrous joint
Fibres run inferio-medially from radius to ulna
Allows distribution of force

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7
Q

List the bones of the wrist

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
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8
Q

How is pectoralis major innervated?

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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9
Q

Which artery supplies pectoralis major?

A

thoracoacromial artery

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10
Q

What is the action of pectoralis major?

A

Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of humerus

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11
Q

What are the origins and insertions of pectoralis major?

A 
Origins = clavicular and sternal heads
Insertion = intertubercular groove of humerus
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12
Q

How is pectoralis minor innervated?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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13
Q

Which artery supplies pectoralis minor?

A

Thoracoacromial trunk

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14
Q

What is the action of pectoralis minor?

A

Depresses shoulder

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15
Q

What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?

A 
Origin = ribs 3-5
Insertion = coracoid process
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16
Q

How is serratus anterior innervated?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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17
Q

Which arteries supply serratus anterior?

A

Superior thoracic artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Thoracodorsal artery

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18
Q

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

A

Rotates scapula to allow arm to raise above 90degrees

Protracted scapula against ribcage

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of serratus anterior?

A 
Origin = ribs 1-8
Insertion = medial border of scapula
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20
Q

How is subclavius innervated?

A

Nerve to subclavius

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21
Q

Which arteries supply subclavius?

A

Suprascapular artery

Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery

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22
Q

What is the action of subclavius?

A

Depresses clavicle

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23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of subclavius?

A 
Origin = 1st costochondral joint
Insertion = subclavian groove on inferior surface of clavicle
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24
Q

How is biceps brachii innervated?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

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25
Q

Which arteries supply biceps brachii?

A

Muscular branches of brachial artery

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26
Q

What are the actions of biceps brachii?

A

Supinates forearm

Flexes arm at elbow (when supine)

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27
Q

What are the origins of biceps brachii?

A

Short head - coracoid process of scapula

Long head - supraglenoid tubercule of scapula

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28
Q

Where does biceps brachii insert?

A

Radial tuberosity

Bicipital aponeurosis

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29
Q

How is brachialis innervated?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

30
Q

Which arteries supply brachialis?

A

Muscular branches of brachial artery

Recurrent radial artery

31
Q

Where does brachialis originate from?

A

Distal humerus

32
Q

Where is brachialis inserted?

A

Coronoid process

Tuberosity of ulna

33
Q

What is the action of brachialis?

A

Flexes forearm

34
Q

How is coracobrachialis innervated?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)

35
Q

Which artery supplies coracobrachialis?

A

Muscular branches of brachial artery

36
Q

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion and adduction of arm

37
Q

Where does coracobrachialis originate from?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

38
Q

Where does coracobrachialis insert?

A

Medial humerus (at level of deltoid tuberosity)

39
Q

How is triceps brachii innervated?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

40
Q

Which artery supplies triceps brachii?

A

Branches of deep brachial artery

41
Q

Where does triceps brachii originate from?

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercule
Lateral head - humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial head - humerus, inferior to radial groove

42
Q

Where does triceps brachii insert?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

43
Q

What is the action of triceps brachii?

A

Extension of arm at elbow

44
Q

How is anconeus innervated?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

45
Q

Which arteries supply anconeus?

A

Middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery

Recurrent interosseous artery

46
Q

What is the action of anconeus?

A

Extends forearm

Abducts ulna during pronation

47
Q

Where does anconeus originate from?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

48
Q

Where does anconeus insert?

A

Posterior and lateral part of olecranon process

49
Q

How is trapezius innervated?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

50
Q

What are the actions of trapezius?

A

Superior part - elevates scapula
Middle part - retract scapula
Inferior part - depresses scapula
Superior and inferior act together to rotate scapula upwards, allowing abduction beyond 90degrees

51
Q

How is latissimus dorsi innervated?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)

52
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi insert?

A

Floor of inter tubercular groove of humerus

53
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi originate from?

A

Inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae
Thoracocolumbar fascia
Iliac crest

54
Q

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

55
Q

How is levator scapulae innervated?

A

Dorsal scapular and cervical nerves

56
Q

What is the action of levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula

Rotates scapula, depressing glenoid cavity

57
Q

How are the rhomboids innervated?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

58
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboids?

A

Retract scapula

Rotate scapula, depressing glenoid cavity

59
Q

How is the deltoid muscle innervated?

A

Axillary nerve

60
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle originate from?

A

Scapula and clavicle

61
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle insert?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

62
Q

What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

A

Anterior fibres - flex arm at shoulder
Middle fibres - abduct arm 15-90 degrees
Posterior fibres - extend arm at shoulder

63
Q

How is teres major innervated?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

64
Q

Where does teres major originate from?

A

Inferior angle of posterior scapula

65
Q

Where does teres major insert?

A

Inter tubercular groove of humerus

66
Q

What is the action of teres major?

A

Adduct and medially rotate arm

67
Q

Name the four rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

68
Q

Where do the rotator muscles attach?

A

Originate from scapula

Insert onto humeral head to hold it in glenoid cavity

69
Q

What is the function and innervation of supraspinatus?

A 
0-15 degrees abduction
Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
70
Q

What is the function and innervation of infraspinatus?

A 
Lateral rotation of arm
Suprascapular nerve (c5,6)
71
Q

What is the function and innervation of teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation of arm
Weak adductor
Axillary nerve

72
Q

What is the function and innervation of subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation of arm

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

ESA2 (5 decks)

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