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MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior
A/P axis
Abduction, adduction

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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into R and L
Medial-lateral axis
Flexion, extension

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into upper and lower
Vertical axis
Medial and lateral rotation

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4
Q

Class 1 lever

A

Fulcrum is between the point of effort and resistance (seesaw, triceps)

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5
Q

Class 2 lever

A

Resistance is between the effort and the fulcrum (wheelbarrow)

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6
Q

Class 3 lever

A

Effort is between the axis of rotation and the resistance (most common in the body, elbow flexion)

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7
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Bones that are united by fibrous tissue, nonsynovial
Minimal to no movement

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8
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Suture - union of two bones by ligament or membrane, immovable (sagittal suture of skull)
Syndesmosis - bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous membrane, very little movement (tibia + fibula)
Gomphosis - two bony surfaces connect as a peg in a hole (tooth in socket)

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9
Q

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)

A

Bones that are connected by cartilage, slightly moveable

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10
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis - connected by hyaline cartilage, slight motion (sternum, true rib articulation)
Symphysis - two bones covered in hyaline cartilage or connected by fibrocartilage, midline of body, slight motion (pubic symphysis)

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11
Q

Synovial joints (diarthroses)

A

Free movement between the bones they join
Characteristics include: joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, fibrous capsule

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12
Q

Uniaxial joint

A

Type of Synovial joint
Allow for one motion around a single axis in one plane of the body
Types: hinge (ginglymus) – radioulnar, tibiofemoral
Pivot (trochoid) – atlantoaxial

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13
Q

Biaxial joint

A

Type of Synovial joint
Allows for movement in two planes, around two axes through the convex/concave surfaces
Types: condyloid – MCP joint of finger
Saddle – carpometacarpal joint of thumb

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14
Q

Multi-axial joint

A

Type of Synovial joint
Allows for movement in all three planes and around three axes
Types: plane (gliding) – carpal joints
Ball and socket – glenohumeral, hip

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15
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress and noxious mechanical/biochemical stress

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16
Q

Golgi ligament endings

A

Sensitive to tension or stretch to ligaments

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17
Q

Golgi Mazzoni corpuscles

A

Sensitive to compression of joint capsule

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18
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Sensitive to high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position

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19
Q

Ruffini endings

A

Sensitive to stretching of joint capsule, amplitude and velocity of joint position

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20
Q

Type I fiber characteristics

A

Low fatiguability
High capillary density
High myoglobin content
Small fibers
Extensive blood supply
Large amount of mitochondria

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21
Q

Type II fiber characteristics

A

High fatiguability
Low capillary density
Low myoglobin content
Large fibers
Less blood supply
Fewer mitochondria

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22
Q

Muscle spindle

A

Within belly of muscle
Respond to changes in muscle length and the rate of change in length
Helps with postural control and involuntary movements

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23
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

Within muscle tendons
Respond to tension and rate of tension change

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24
Q

GH joint closed packed position

A

Abduction & ER

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25
Q

GH capsular pattern

A

ER + Abduction + IR

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26
Q

SC joint closed packed position

A

Maximum shoulder elevation

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27
Q

SC joint open packed position

A

Arm resting by side

28
Q

SC joint capsular pattern

A

Pain at extreme ROM

29
Q

AC joint loose packed position

A

Arm resting by side

30
Q

AC joint closed packed position

A

Arm abducted to 90 degrees

31
Q

AC joint capsular pattern

A

Pain at extreme ROM

32
Q

GH joint open packed position

A

55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction

33
Q

AC ligaments

A

Control horizontal movement of clavicle

34
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

Coracoid process + acromion
Forms a roof over humerus, prevents superior translation of humeral head and separation of AC joint

35
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Coracoid process + greater and lesser tuberosities
Helps unite the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons
Limits inferior translation of the humeral head

36
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

Medial clavicle + first rib
Supports SC joint

37
Q

GH ligaments

A

Superior: limits adduction, ER @ 0-45 deg of abd
Middle: limits ER @ 45-90 deg of abd
Inferior: limits ER and IR above 90 degrees of abd, limits inferior translation at above 90 deg abd

38
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Runs over bicipital groove
Helps keep the tendon of long head of biceps in groove

39
Q

Radiohumeral joint loose packed position

A

Full extension, supination

40
Q

Radiohumeral joint close packed position

A

90 deg flexion, 5 deg supination

41
Q

Radiohumeral joint capsular pattern

A

Flexion, extension, supination, pronation

42
Q

Ulnohumeral joint loose packed position

A

70 deg flexion, 10 deg supination

43
Q

Ulnohumeral joint close packed position

A

Extension

44
Q

Ulnohumeral capsular pattern

A

Flexion, extension

45
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint loose packed position

A

70 deg flexion, 35 deg supination

46
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint close packed position

A

5 deg supination

47
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint capsular pattern

A

Supination, pronation

48
Q

Annular ligament

A

Surrounds radial head
Prevents radial dislocation and allows radius to rotate

49
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Triangular space bordered by the brachioradialis, pronator teres, brachialis, and a horizontal line passing through the humeral epicondyles

Contains: biceps brachii tendon, median nerve, radial nerve, brachial artery, median cubital vein

50
Q

What nerve runs through the cubital tunnel? What position is it most compressed?

A

Ulnar n in full elbow flexion

51
Q

Radial collateral ligament (lateral collateral)

A

Prevents adduction of elbow joint and reinforces radiohumeral articulation

52
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament (medial collateral)

A

Prevents abduction of elbow joint

53
Q

Radiocarpal joint loose packed position

A

Neutral with slight ulnar deviation

54
Q

Radiocarpal joint close packed position

A

Extension with radial deviation

55
Q

Radiocarpal joint capsular pattern

A

Flexion and extension equally limited

56
Q

Anatomic snuffbox

A

Bordered by abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus. Scaphoid lies within

57
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

Deep surface of the flexor retinaculum
Median n travels through

58
Q

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

A

Limits wrist flexion

59
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

Covers tendons of extensor musculature. Prevents bowstringing of tendons

60
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Prevents the flexor tendons from bowstringing. Attachment point for thenar and hypothenar muscles

61
Q

Interosseus membrane (radioulnar)

A

Runs between radius and ulna, serves as a stabilizer for axial loads applied to the wrist

62
Q

Palmar radiocarpal ligament

A

Maintains joint alignment, limits wrist hyperextension
Attaches to capitate, triquetrum, scaphoid

63
Q

Radial collateral ligament (of wrist)

A

Limits ulnar deviation and extreme flexion/extension
Attaches to scaphoid and trapezium

64
Q

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TCC)

A

Cartilaginous disc that sits between the ulna, lunate, and triquetrum.
Provides stability, connecting the radius and ulna together and allowing for force distribution

65
Q

Tunnel of Guyon

A

Between hook of hamate, pisiform, palmar carpal ligament, flexor retinaculum
Ulnar n and a pass through

NPTE (6 decks)

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