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PA- AP > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen
Diclofenac
Naproxen

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2
Q

Indication if NSAIDs

A

As needed mild to moderate pain relief
Regular treatment for pain related to inflammation

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3
Q

MOA of NSAIDs

A

They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid by inhibiting COX
Cox exists as 2 main isoforms:
Cox 1 and cox 2
Therapeutic benefit of NSAIDs are by inhibition of cox2 but the adverse effects are often through cox 1 inhibition

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4
Q

Side effects of NSAIDs

A

GI toxicity
Renal impairment
MI and stroke
Fluid retention

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5
Q

Contraindication if NSAIDs

A

Avoid in:
Severe renal impairment
Heart failure
Liver failure
NSAID hypersensitivity
Peptic ulcer disease
CVD

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6
Q

Key interactions of NSAIDs

A

Corticosteroid
Warfarin
Doac
Ssri
Acei
Arb
Diuretics

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7
Q

What are the 4 indications if bisphosphonate

A
  • Alendronic acid and risedronate sodium are first line to reduce risk of osteoporotic fragility fracture
  • pamidronate and zoledronic acid are used in the treatment of severe hypercalcemia of malignancies
  • in myeloma and breast cancer with bone metastases pamidronate and zolendroic acid reduces the risk of fractures
  • bisphosphonate are used first line for metabolically active cells agents disease
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8
Q

Side effects of bisphosphonate

A

Oesophagitis
Hypophosphatemia
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Atypical femoral fracture

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9
Q

Contraindications for bisphosphonate

A

Avoid in severe renal impairment, hypocalcaemia, active upper GI disorder
Caution in smokers and pt with major dental disease

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10
Q

Key interactions of bisphosphonate

A

Reduced absorption if taken with calcium salt, antacids and iron salts

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11
Q

Monitoring for bisphosphonate

A

If used for osteoporosis then DEXA scan every 3-5 years

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12
Q

Examples of bisphosphonate

A

Alendronic acid
Risedronate
Disodium pamidronate
Zolendronic acid

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13
Q

3 indications of allupurinol

A

Prevention of gout
Renal stones
Hyperiricaemia and tumour lysis syndrome due to chemo

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14
Q

Side effects of allupurinol

A

Starting can trigger or worsen an acute attack of gout
Skin rash
Allupurinol hypersensitivity syndrome

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15
Q

Contraindication of allupurinol

A

Never start during an Acute attack of gout
Recurrent skin rash
Dose reduced in renal and hepatic impairment

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16
Q

Key interactions of allupurinol

A

Azanthropine
Caution in ACEi , thiazides and amoxicillin

17
Q

Monitoring for allupurinol

A

Serum Uric acid conc 4 weeks after starting or changing dose
Aim to lower to less than 300umol/L

18
Q

Indication if colchicine

A

Used in acute gout

19
Q

Side effects of colchicine

A

Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
Nausea and vomiting
Alopecia

20
Q

What is colchicine contra indicated in

A

Blood disorders
Caution in cardiac disease, elderly and GI disease

PA- AP (11 decks)

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