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Phase 1 - Anatomy > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What does the distal radius articulate with?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate

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2
Q

Name the carpal bone from lateral to medial

A

1st row :
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

2nd row
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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3
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal?

A

Scaphoid - falling on an outstretched hand

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4
Q

Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand?

A

lateral to pisiform bone
forms superficial palmar arch - gives branches that supply fingers

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5
Q

Why is it important to recognise an anterior dislocation of the lunate?

A

Anterior dislocation can cause compress median nerve

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6
Q

How many metacarpals are there? How are they named?

A

5 metacarpals
1- thumb (lateral)
5 - little finger (medial)

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7
Q

How many phalanges are there? How are they named?

A

3 for each finger
- distal phalanx
- middle
- proximal

2 for thumb
- distal phalanx
- proximal

14 total

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8
Q

How many carpals are there?

A

8 carpals

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9
Q

Carpometacarpal joints description (CMC)

A

Between
- distal row of carpals
- proximal end of metacarpals

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10
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints description (MCP)

A

Between
- heads of metacarpals (distal)
- proximal ends of proximal phalanges

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11
Q

Interphalangeal joints description

A

Between phalanges

2 in fingers
- proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
- distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

1 in thumb
- interphalangeal joint (IPJ)

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12
Q

How many interphalangeal joints are there in each digit?

A

2 in fingers
1 in thumb

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13
Q

Power grip
- description

A

Hold / squeeze tightly

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14
Q

Hook grip?

A

Carry objects with handles

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15
Q

Precision grip
- description
- muscles

A

Hold objects between pads of fingers and thumb
Thenar eminence

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16
Q

Movements of the fingers?

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction

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17
Q

Movements of the thumb?

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Opposition

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18
Q

Extrinsic muscles of hand meaning

A

Muscles in anterior and posterior compartments of forearm
Tendons extend down into hand

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19
Q

Intrinsic muscles of hand meaning

A

Muscles that lies within the hand

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20
Q

Which extrinsic muscles are the prime flexors of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis - inserts on 2nd metacarpal
Flexor carpi ulnaris - onto 5th metacarpal
Palmaris longus - onto palmar fascia

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21
Q

What does flexor carpi radialis insert onto?

A

2 metacarpal (index finger)

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22
Q

What does flexor carpi ulnaris inset onto?

A

5th metacarpal (pinky)

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23
Q

Significance of palmar fascia for gripping

A

keeps skin adherent to fascia - prevents skin from moving around
Makes it suitable for gripping unlike dorsum

24
Q

Position of palmar longus relative to flexor retinaculum

A

superficial

25
What does palmaris longus insert onto?
Palmar fascia
26
Which extrinsic muscles flex the digits?
Flexor digitorum superficialis FDS Flexor digitorum profundus FDP Flexor pollicis longus FPL All pass through carpal tunnel
27
What other movement do the flexors of the wrist provide? Why?
Wrist flexion Because they cross the wrist by passing through the carpal tunnel
28
Flexor digitorum - inserts onto - how? - movement caused
Splits into 2 slips - insert on either side of middle phalanx of digits 2-5 Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
29
Flexor digitorum profundus - inserts onto - how? - movements caused
Passes through slit of flexor digitorum superficiales (FDS) Inserts onto distal phalanx Flexes - distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) - proximal interphalangeal joint PIP - metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)
30
Flexor pollicis longus - inserts onto - movement caused
Distal phalanx of thumb Flexion of interphalangeal joint ( IPJ) of thumb Only muscle that can do so
31
Which muscle(s) flex distal interphalangeal joint of digits?
Flexor digitorum profundus
32
Which muscles flex proximal interphalangeal joint of digits?
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficiales
33
Which muscle(s) flex interphalangeal joint of thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
34
Flexor tendon sheathes - description - functions
Contain flexor tendons Fibrous sheath outside Synovial sheaths inside - decrease resistance - allow them to flex easily - keep tendons in the midline of the fingers
35
Tenosynovitis description, causes
Inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath Inflammation due to infection, caused by penetrating injuries
36
Thick palmar aponeurosis function
Protects - long flexor tendons - tendon sheaths - vessels of central palm
37
What are the four groups of intrinsic muscles and how many in each group?
Thenar eminence - 3 Hypothecate eminence - 3 Lumbricals - 4 Interossei - 7 (+ adductor pollicis - doesn’t belong in a group)
38
How many intrinsic muscle of the hand are there?
18 total
39
What are instrinsic muscles innervated by?
Medial and ulnar nerves
40
Thenar eminence - muscles - location - movements - attachment - innervation - grip
41
‘Brevis’ meaning
42
Flexor pollicis brevis - movement - insertion - innervation
43
Abductor pollicis brevis - movement - insertion - innervation
44
Opponents pollicis - movement - insertion - innervatio
45
What is the Thenar eminence affected by clinically? Why? Consequences?
46
Adductor pollicis - location - innervation - movement - attachments
47
What grip the Thenar eminence important for?
Precision grip Flexed, abducted and rotated at carpometacarpal joint of thumb
48
Hypothenar eminence - location - muscles - movements - attachments - innervation -
49
Flexor digiti minimi - movement - attachment - innervation
50
Abductor digiti minimi - movement - attachment - innervation
51
Opponens digiti minimi - movement - attachment - innervation
52
Lumbrical muscles - number - derivation - attachment - movement - innervation
53
Which muscles do the flexor digitorum profundus tendons give rise to?
54
Interossei - muscles - location - groups -
55
Palmar Interossei - movement -
56
Position of palmar longus relative to flexor retinaculum
superficial
57
Radial artery - course

Phase 1 - Anatomy (4 decks)

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