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Phase 1 - Anatomy > 31 - Anterrior + Medial Compartments Of Thigh > Flashcards

31 - Anterrior + Medial Compartments Of Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Compartments of the thigh

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

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2
Q

Compartments of the leg

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

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3
Q

Compartments of the foot

A

Plantar
Dorsum

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4
Q

Hip joint
- movement
- type
- articulation
- mobility

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Circumduction

Synovial ball and socket joint
Head of femur with acetabulum of hip
Very stable
Not as mobile as shoulder

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5
Q

Knee joint

  • movement
  • type
  • articulation
A

Extension
Flexion

Synovial hinge joint
Distal femur with with tibia

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6
Q

Ankle joint

  • movement
  • type
  • articulation
A

Flexion
Extension

Synovial hinge joint
Distal tibia and fibula with talus

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7
Q

Bones of the hip joint?
Where do they fuse?

A

3 bones - ilium, ischium, pubic
Fuse at acetabulum

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8
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

Point where hip bones fuse
Forms socket of hip joint

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9
Q

How do the hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly - pubic symphysis
Posteriorly - sacroiliac joints

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10
Q

Obturator foramen

A

Hole formed by the inferior and superior pubic rami
Covered by obturator membrane and muscles - only a small hole for vessels and nerve to ass through - obturator canal

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11
Q

Obturator canal description

A

Small hole in the closed over oburator foramen
Allows vessels and nerves to pass through

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12
Q

Iliac crest description

A

Most superior part of the the iliac

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13
Q

What is the pubic bone divided into?

A

Superior and inferior pubic rami

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14
Q

What is the pubic symphysis composed of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What are the parts of the femur bone?

A

Head
Neck
Shaft
Greater and lesser trochanters
Intertrochanteric line
Intertrochanter crest
Trochanteric fossa
Linea aspera
Medial and lateral femoral condyles
Intercondular fossa
Adductor tubercle

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16
Q

Greater and lesser trochanters description

A

Tubercle that act as muscle attachment sites
Distal to neck
Greater - lateral side
Lesser - medial side

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17
Q

Intertrochantic line description

A

Line joining greater and lesser trochanter
Anterior surface

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18
Q

Trochanteric fossa description

A

Fossa on medial aspect of the greater trochanter

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19
Q

Linea aspera description

A

Bone vertical ridge on shaft - muscle attachment site
Posterior aspect of femur

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20
Q

Medial and lateral femoral condyles description

A

Distal femur expands
Articulate with proximal tibia

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21
Q

Adductor tubercle description

A

Just superior to medial femoral condyles

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22
Q

Patella location

A

Anterior to knee joint

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23
Q

Movements caused by each thigh compartment on hip joint

A

All act on hip joint
Anterior - flex
Medial - adduct
Posterior - extend

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24
Q

Movements caused by leg compartments

A

Anterior - extend knee
Posterior - flex knee

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25
What separates the thigh into compartments?
Intermuscular septa From fascia lata to linea aspera
26
Muscles of anterior compartment - number - names - innervation - movement of knee
7 muscles - quadriceps femoris - 4 muscles - sartorius - iliopsoas - pecineus Femoral nerve (L2-L4) Primary extensor of knee
27
How many muscles in the anterior compartment of thigh
7
28
Names of muscles in anterior compartment of thigh
Quadriceps femoris - 4 muscles Sartorius Iliopsoas Pectineus
29
Femoral nerve spinal roots
L2 - L4
30
Quadriceps femoris - description - names - movements - insertion
4 muscles - rectus femoris - Vastus lateralis - Vastus medialis - Vastus intermedius Primary extensor of knee Converge into quadriceps tendon - passes over patella Then attach onto tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
31
Rectus femoris - location - attachments
Midline of anterior compartment Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) Contributes to flexion of hip
32
Vastus lateralis - location - attachment
Lateral to rectus femoris Origin - linea aspera on posterior aspect of femoral shaft
33
Vastus medialis - location - attachment
Medial to rectus femoris Origin - linea aspera on posterior aspect of femoral shaft
34
Vastus intermedius - location - attachment
Deep to rectus femoris Origin - anterior femoral shaft
35
Quadriceps tendon description
Convergence of 4 quadriceps muscle into a tendon Passes over patella Inserts onto tibial tuberosity
36
Sartorius - location - attachments - movements of hip - movements of knee
Superficial to anterior thigh Origin - ASIS Insert - medial aspect of proximal tibia Hip - laterally rotates, flex Knee - flex Not prime mover
37
Iliopsoas - location - attachments - movements
Proximal to anterior thigh Convergence of psoas major and iliacus muscle - common tendon Insert - lesser Trochanter -prime flexor of hip
38
Pectineus - location - attachments - movements
Proximal to anterior thigh Medial to iliopsoas Origin - superior pubic rami Insert - just distal to lesser trochanter Hip: - Adduct - Flexes
39
Medial thigh compartment - number - names of muscles - movement - innervation
5 muscles - adductor brevis - adductor longus - adductor Magnus - gracilis - obturator externa Prime adductor Obturator nerve (L2 - L4)
40
Obturator nerve spinal roots
L2 - L4
41
Names of the muscles of medial compartment
Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Obturator externa
42
Which is deeper, adductor brevis or longus?
Adductor brevis
43
Adductor brevis - location - attachment
Deep to adductor longus Origin - pubic bone Insert - linea aspera
44
Adductor longus - location - attachment
Superifical to adductor brevis Origin - pubic bone Insert - linea aspera
45
Location of the obturator nerve in the thigh, relative to the muscles?
Between adductor brevis and longus in medial compartment
46
Adductor Magnus - parts - attachments - innervation
Adductor part - origin - inferior pubic rami - insert - linea aspera - obturator nerve Hamstring part - origin - ischial tiberosity - insert - adductor tuberosity
47
Adductor part of adductor Magnus - innervation - attachment
- origin - inferior pubic rami - insert - linea aspera - obturator nerve
48
Hamstring parts of adductor Magnus - attachment
- origin - ischial tiberosity - insert - adductor tuberosity
49
Adductor hiatus description What passes through here?
Gap between distal ends of the adductor Magnus parts - Femoral artery - femoral vein
50
Gracilis - location - attachment - movement of hip - movement of knee
Most medial muscle Origin - pubic bone insert - medial tibia Hip - adducts, flex Knee - flex Not prime mover
51
Obturator externus - attachment - movements
Origin - obturator membrane Insert - near greater trochanter Hip - laterally rotates Stabilises hip
52
Why is Adduction of the hip important?
Ensures normal gait
53
Describe the path of the femoral artery after passing the inguinal canal
Branches from external iliac artery Passes deep to inguinal ligament Enters proximal anterior thigh Passes through femoral triangle - superficial and palpable here - gives rise to profundus femoris here Continues distally Passes through the adductor hiatus posteriorly and enters popliteal fossa - Becomes popliteal artery
54
What is the femoral artery a branch of?
External iliac artery
55
What arteries does the femoral artery give rise to?
Profunda femoris - at femoral triangle Popliteal artery - altering passing adductor hiatus + entering popliteal fossa
56
Describe pathway of obturator artery
Branches from internal iliac artery Runs along lateral wall of pelvis Passes through obturator canal Enters medial compartment of thigh Anastomoses with branches of femoral artery
57
What is the obturator artery a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
58
What passes through the obturator canal?
Obturator artery, vein, nerve
59
Location of the femoral artery/vein/nerve relative to inguinal ligament?
Deep to ligament Vein - medial (closest to adductor longus) Artery - middle Nerve - lateral
60
Saphenous nerve - description - innervation
Sensory branch of femoral nerve Innervates skin over anterior thigh
61
Describe path of obturator nerve into the thigh. Innervation?
Travels along lateral wall of pelvis Passes through obturator canal with artery and vein Exits on superficial surface of adductor brevis - passes between adductor brevis and longus Innervates medial thigh skin and muscles
62
Femoral triangle - description / location - borders - apex - floor - contents
Proximal anterior thigh Border - medial - adductor longus - lateral - Sartorius - superior - inguinal ligament Apex - point where Sartorius + adductor longus meet Floor: - medial - Pectineus - lateral - iliopsoas
63
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle.
Medial - Pectineus Lateral - iliopsoas
64
What are the contents of the femoral triangle
Femoral - vein - medial (next to adductor longus) - artery - middle - nerve - lateral
65
What tributary does the femoral vein receive? Where?
Great saphenous vein In femoral triangle Superficial
66
Neck of the femur fracture - description - epidemiology - risk factors - presentation - consequences
- “hip fracture” - common in elderly - osteoporosis Presentation - pain in groin - difficulty walking - shortening + lateral rotation of injured leg Vessels supplying femoral head and neck can be severed -> avascular necrosis
67
Where can the femoral artery be accessed / palpated ?
Femoral triangle
68
Femoral hernia - description - epidemiology - complications
Protrusion of intestine into upper anterior thigh - hernia passes under inguinal ligament More common in women Herniated tissue may strangulate -> ischaemia + infarction
69
Obturator nerve irritation - causes, why? - consequences
Ovarian pathology - obturator nerve passes along lateral wall of pelvis near ovaries Abnormal sensation - tingling, itching, pain
70
Patellar dislocation - direction, why?
Lateral Femur and quadraceps muscle angled obliquely relative to tibia
71
Why is lateral movements of the patella resisted?
Because Vastus medialis muscle fibres are arranged horizontally at distal end
72
Describe the positions of the obturator nerve, artery and vein along pelvic wall
Superior - nerve Middle - artery Inferior - vein

Phase 1 - Anatomy (4 decks)

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