MSK Flashcards
Falling onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH)
pain increased if pressure was applied over the anatomical snuffbox or during ulnar deviation of the wrist.
scaphoid fracture
Majority of clavicle fractures occur in
middle clavicle
femoral head blood supply
Medial circumflex femoral and lateral circumflex femoral arteries anastomose
A patient develops foot drop following a fibular neck fracture- nerve affected?
common peroneal nerve
Damage to the ulnar nerve
cause weakness of the lateral two fingers, producing a ‘claw-like’ appearance.§
Damage to the axillary nerve
deltoid muscle dysfunction, affecting arm abduction.
inability to extend his wrist. Examination confirms this and is consistent with a ‘wrist drop’.
which nerve affected
radial nerve
Damage to the musculocutaneous nerve
cause impaired biceps brachii muscle dysfunction, affecting arm flexion.
Damage to the median nerve
cause an inability to abduct and oppose the thumb due to paralysis of the thenar muscles.
RANKL inhibitors
denosumab. It is a RANKL inhibitor and works by preventing the development of osteoclasts (bone resorption cells).
used for oesteoperosis
Sjogren’s Syndrome
condition that affects parts of the body that produce fluids, like tears and spit (saliva). It usually starts in people aged 40 to 60 and is much more common in women than men.
symptoms- dryness
what type of muscle do Sarcomeres give rise to
cardiac and skeletal
Raynaud’s phenomenon
exaggerated vasoconstrictive response to the cold
plaque Psoriasis
damaged skin is replaced with psoriatic plaques. Plaque psoriasis is an autoimmune condition characterised by scaly red plaques with a silver scale. Psoriatic plaques classically appear on the extensor surfaces, as is the case with this patient.
Psoriatic arthritis
only arthritis to be associated with skin and nail changes, including pitting and onycholysis. It can also be associated with a ‘rheumatoid-like’ symmetrical pattern affecting the small joints of the hands and feet, however, it typically affects the distal interphalangeal joints rather than the metacarpophalangeal joints which are usually affected in rheumatoid arthritis
Caplan’s syndrome
This is a rare syndrome. Also known as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis and is characterised by intrapulmonary nodules in people with rheumatoid arthritis and a known exposure to dust particles (e.g. coal [anthracite], asbestos and silica). It can cause shortness of breath. The patient used to work in the construction industry and thus may have been exposed to asbestos. The symmetrical pain and stiffness in the hands is suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis
SLE tests
All patients with SLE needs to have a urine dipstick test to look for proteinuria (evidence of Lupus Glomerulonephritis)
DAS28 tests
test done in Rheumatoid Arthritis to assess the number of joints that are affected as a measure of the severity of the condition at a particular point in time
dermatomyositis
here is new onset bilateral proximal muscle weakness in an elderly person and he appears to have a heliotrope rash (purple discolouration over the eyelids ± periorbital swelling). Dermatomyositis is highly associated with malignancy and may present before the malignancy does. Lung cancer is one of the malignancies most highly associated with dermatomyositis, and his progressive breathlessness with a lack of chest signs and an extensive smoking history point towards this.
RA tests
anti CCP
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Shoulder/ hip girdle stiffness (usually in the mornings) for >1 hour with associated inflammatory pain. Typically, these symptoms respond to treatment with corticosteroids within 72 hours and a therapeutic trial can be useful in diagnosis.
Systemic symptoms including low grade fever, reduced appetite and weight loss, malaise
old
autoimmune hepatitis test
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies
alendronic acid
osteoperosis
bisphosphonate
ci- oesophageal stricture
methotrexate - which vaccine ci ?
yellow fever as is live
NSAIDS
naproxen, Diclofenac, Piroxicam
ci- renal disease
Wegener’s granulomatosis
also known as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or GPA) is an example of a small vessel vasculitis. It is classically cANCA-positive. It classically presents with a triad of upper respiratory tract symptoms, lower respiratory tract symptoms and renal symptoms
Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis a large-vessel vasculitis which tends to affect older women. Common symptoms include temporal headache, scalp sensitivity, jaw claudication, visual disturbance and systemic symptoms such as malaise and fever
gout treatment
steroids
Reactive arthritis
Patients with reactive arthritis tend to present with dysuria, iritis/conjunctivits, arthralgia
