Derm

Question 1

vitiligo

Answer 1

Vitiligo is a a cutaneous depigmentation disorder that occurs as a result of loss of normal melanocytes. It typically affects the extremities as well as areas around the body orifices. The exact cause is unknown; however, strong associations with autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus have been identified

Question 2

scabies

Answer 2

polymorphic symmetrical rash, especially in the interdigital spaces, flexor surfaces of the wrists, axillary folds, buttocks and genitalia in men. It classically presents 4-6 weeks after exposure, and is classically associated with sleeping in unclean bedding. It classically causes night time itching as well

Question 3

venous ulceration

Answer 3

first line- compression

venous eczema and swelling in the legs
DM

Question 4

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 4

Dermatitis herpetiformis is an extremely itchy, autoimmune, chronic, blistering, disease. It is a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease, which explains the abdominal symptoms this patient is suffering from

Question 5

Polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 5

Polyarteritis nodosa is a vasculitis affecting medium-sized arteries, and can cause systemic upset including abdominal symptoms. It can also cause a rash, but the rash appears quite differently to the one found in dermatitis herpetiformis as it consists of multiple, small subcutaneous nodules and small purpuric lesions

Question 6

Bullous pemphigoid

Answer 6

Bullous pemphiogoid is a blistering disorder that usually affects individuals over 60. It has a prodromal phase that involves inflammation of the affected skin, making it very itchy

Question 7

Candida albicans infection

Answer 7

Candida albicans most commonly affects infants, as napkin candidiasis, and the elderly, at the sub-mammary folds, groin and axilla. It appears as a red rash with some satellite lesions. Pustules may develop as well

Question 8

pathophysiology underlying venous ulcers in the legs?

Answer 8

Oedema in the subcutaneous tissue with poor lymphatic and capillary drainage, leading to inadequate nutrients and oxygen reaching the skin. This causes skin to die and ulcers to arise

arterial blood flow is normal or increased in individuals with venous ulcers

Question 9

Psoriasis

Answer 9

extensor surfaces

skin trauma- trigger

Question 10

measles

Answer 10

On examination, he is very irritable and has a fever of 39.5 degrees. A maculopapular rash covering his face and upper chest, and some white spots on the inside of his mouth, are also noted.

Question 11

Rosacea

Answer 11

She has developed a red rash over her face which is worse following sun exposure. Aside from this, the patient reports no other symptoms and feels well. On examination, red papules are visible on her forehead, cheeks and nose on a background of erythematous skin with telangiectasia

antibiotics

flare ups- spicy food

Question 12

cause of atopic dermatitis

Answer 12

A genetic defect causing a loss of function of the protein filaggrin is thought to be an underlying cause of Atopic Eczema. Filaggrin (__fil__ament agg__regating prote__in) has an important role in maintaining the skin barrier. An impaired skin barrier is thought to enable easier entry of allergens. However, the cause of Atopic Eczema is not fully understood and exacerbating factors such as infection, sweat, heat and stress also contribute