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MSK CAF > MSK 1 > Flashcards

MSK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Shaft (main portion of the bone) called

A

Diaphysis

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2
Q

Ends of the bone; usually larger in diameter than the shaft.

A

Epiphysis

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3
Q

Regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis, this is where the growth plate is located in the growing stage (Stops between 18-21 years).

A

Metaphysis

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4
Q

Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces is called..

A

Articular cartilage
- reduces friction between bones during movement and helps to absorb shock.

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5
Q

Membrane that covers the bone; consists of connective tissue, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoblasts; essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition

A

Periosteum

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6
Q

The space within the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow; also called “Marrow cavity”

A

Medullary cavity

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7
Q

The thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

A

Endosteum

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8
Q

The cells in which all connective tissue are formed.

A

Osteogenic cell

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9
Q

The only bone cells to undergo cell division - resulting cells develop into osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cell

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10
Q

Bone cells found in the endosteum, the inner layer of the periosteum, and in the canals within bone that conatin blood vessels

A

Osteogenic cells

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11
Q

The bone building cells. They synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and organic components needed to build the extra cellular matrix of bone tissue, and initiate calcification.

A

Osteoblasts

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12
Q

Type of bone cells - maintain its daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood.

A

Osteocytes

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13
Q

This bone cell functions in reabsorption (breakdown of extracellular bone matrix). also help regulate blood calcium levels.

A

osteoclast

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14
Q

Mature bone cells, main cell in bone tissue

A

osteocytes

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15
Q

Bone tissue found beneath the periosteum and provides protection, support and resists the stress produced by weight and movement.

A

Compact bone

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16
Q

Bone tissue located in the interior of the bone, protected by the compact bone. Supports and protects bone marrow

A

Spongy bone

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17
Q

This bone tissue consists of trabeculae where the red or yellow bone marrow are located, that contain numerous small blood vessels

A

spongy bone

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18
Q

which type of bone is classified by location

A

sutural

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19
Q

6 types of bone

A

sutural
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

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20
Q

Most bones in the limbs are long bones with the exception of

A

wrist, ankle and kneecap

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21
Q

Which type of bone is embedded in tendons. They act to hold the tendon further away from the joint.
2 examples of these bones

A

Sesamoid bones. patella and pisiform.

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22
Q

How many bones in the human body

A

206

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23
Q

Components of the axial skeleton

A

Skull
vertebral column
Hyoid
Auditory ossicles
Thorax

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24
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

A

80

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25
Q

Components of the appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pectoral shoulder girdles
Pelvic girdles

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26
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

126

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27
Q

Bones in the skull (7)

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone

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28
Q

what bone is this? Does not articulate with any other bone. It is suspended from the the styloid process of the temporal bones by ligaments and muscles. Located in the anterior of the neck, it supports the tongue.

A

Hyoid bone

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29
Q

how many bones are in the vertebral column

A

26

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30
Q

The five regions of the vertebral column and how many bones they contain

A

Cervical region (7)
Thoracic region (12)
Lumbar region (5)
sacral region (1) (5 fused)
coccygeal region (1) (4 fused)

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31
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum?

A

The spinal cord which connects with the medulla oblongata. Vertebral and spinal arteries as well as the accessory XI nerve.

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32
Q

The smallest part of the sternum, no ribs attach to it but abdominal muscles do.

A

Xiphoid process

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33
Q

Components of the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and Scapula.

34
Q

Bones of the upper limbs

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

35
Q

The pelvic bones unite anteriorly at a joint called the…

A

Pubic symphysis

36
Q

The names of C1 and C2

A

Atlas and Axis

37
Q

The 3 structural classification of joints

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

37
Q

Point of contact between two bones, between
bones and cartilage, or between bone and teeth

A

Joints

38
Q

Bones of the lower limbs

A

femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

39
Q

this bone articulates with every bone of the face except the mandible

A

maxilla

40
Q

The internal surfaces of these cranial bones contain many protrusions and depressions that accommodate the blood vessels supplying the dura meter, the superior-ficial connective covering of the brain.

A

parietal bone

41
Q

name of the round prominence at the end of a bone often part of the joint

A

Condyle

42
Q

(2) Bone surface markings that form joints or allow passage of soft tissues

A

depression and openings

43
Q

Projections or outgrowths that help form joints or serve as attachment points

A

processes

44
Q

Tubercles, tuberositys
and condyles are all examples of what kind of surface markings

A

processes

45
Q

3 functional classification of joints and their definitions (how much movement they allow)

A

Synarthrosis - an immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - a slightly moveable joint
Diarthrosis - a freely moveable joint

46
Q

“An immovable joint”, give the functional classification name and an example

A

Synarthrosis - sutures of the skull

47
Q

“A slightly moveable joint” classification and an example

A

amphiarthrosis:
Interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula

48
Q

“a freely moveable joint” functional classification and an example

A

Diarthrosis:
Synovial joints

49
Q

the two types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses and symphyses

50
Q

surrounds joint, encloses synovial cavity, and unites articulating bones

A

articular capsule

51
Q

Synovial fluid contains what type of cells which remove microbes and debris that result from normal wear and tear.

A

phagocytic cells

52
Q

a viscous, clear or pale yellow fluid that forms thin film over the surfaces; it’s functions include reducing friction by lubricating the joint, absorbing shock, and supplying oxygen and nutrients to and removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the chondrocytes within the cartliage

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

53
Q

5 main parts of a synovial joint

A

Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
Articular disc/Menisci
accessory ligaments

54
Q

accessory ligaments of synovial joints can be either ______ or _________

A

Intracapsular and extracapsular

55
Q

This structure usually subdivides a cavity into two separate spaces allowing separate movements to occur in each space. It also allows two bones to fit more tightly, maintain stability of joint, and direct flow of synovial fluid to areas of greatest friction

A

Menisci/articular disc

56
Q

6 different kinds of synovial joints

A

Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
ball and socket
condyloid
Planar or gliding

57
Q

what kind of synovial joint is this? give an example.
The convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another; produce an angular, opening-and-closing motion

A

Hinge joint
ie elbow, knee

58
Q

what kind of synovial joint is this? give an example.

articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved; permit side-to-side and back-and-forth gliding movements.

A

Planar/ gliding joint

inter carpal joints
sternoclavicular

59
Q

what kind of synovial joint is this? give an example.

rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by a ligament.

A

pivot joint

Atlanto-axial joint (allows you to shake head “no”)

60
Q

Sac-like structure strategically situated to alleviate friction in some joints

A

bursa

61
Q

Tubelike bursa that wraps around certain tendons that experience friction as they pass through tunnels formed by connective
tissue and bone.

A

tendon sheath

62
Q

the visceral layer of a tendon sheath is attached to the ____ and the parietal layer is attached to the _____

A

tendon
bone

63
Q

Dense regular connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.

A

ligaments

64
Q

Connect muscle to bone

A

tendon

65
Q

These ligaments are responsible for providing sideways stability of the knee by holding the bones together.

A

medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments

66
Q

the medial collateral ligament attaches to…

A

the femur and tibia

67
Q

the lateral collateral ligament of the knee attaches to…

A

the femur and fibula

68
Q

these ligament control the forward and backward movements of the knee joint. Also help proprioception

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

69
Q

what are the three lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle we learnt

A

anterior talofibular ligament

posterior talofibular ligament

calcaneofibular ligament

70
Q

This ligament acts to prevent the foot and ankle from turning outwards excessively.

A

deltoid ligament

71
Q

Supports the medial side of the ankle, it attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones.

A

deltoid ligament

72
Q

This ligament has a high incidence of sprain because it is the first of the three LCL of the ankle to undergo stress when the ankle is inverted

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

73
Q

Stronger of the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

posterior talofibular ligament

74
Q

3 types of muscle tissues

A

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

75
Q

4 functions of muscles

A
  • Produces body movements
  • Stabilizes body positions
  • Storing and moving substances within the body
  • Generating heat (Thermogenesis)
76
Q

The four properties of muscle tissues

A
  • Electrical Excitability
  • Contractility
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
77
Q

rectus, transverse, oblique are all examples of

A

directions

78
Q

The attachment of a muscles tendon to the stationary bone is called the

A

origin

79
Q

The attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the moveable bone is called the

A

insertion

80
Q

a dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and supports and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body

A

fascia

81
Q

holds muscles with similar functions together

A

fascia

MSK CAF (2 decks)

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