conditions

Question 1

A tearing injury that occurs to one or more ligaments when a joint is forced beyond the limits of its normal plane of motion.

Answer 1

sprain

Question 2

What’s the difference between 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree sprains

Answer 2

1st degree - no tear (stretched)
2nd degree - partial tear
3rd degree - complete tear

Question 3

what degree of Sprain is this?
Minimal function loss
Mild tenderness, without laxity
Some edema
Able to bear weight

Answer 3

1st degree

Question 4

what degree of sprain is this?

Notable function loss
Tenderness, with increased laxity on exam but endpoint
Obvious edema
Difficulty bearing weight
Ecchymosis

Answer 4

2nd degree

Question 5

what degree of sprain is this?

Function loss
Tenderness/Pain, with increased laxity on exam but no firm endpoint on exam
Unable to bear weight
Ecchymosis

Answer 5

3rd degree

Question 6

sprain - increased laxity but with an endpoint. what degree?

Answer 6

2nd degree

Question 7

A tearing injury to muscle fibres and/or tendons resulting from excessive tension or overuse.

Answer 7

strain

Question 8

describe 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree strains

Answer 8

1st Degree – no tear, just stretched
2nd Degree – partial tear
3rd Degree – complete tear

Question 9

what condition is this?

Generalized knee pain, without swelling, because of softening of the cartilage under the patella

Answer 9

Patellofemoral syndrome

Question 10

This disorder probably results from angular or rotational changes in the leg that unbalance elements of the quadriceps and cause patellar misalignment during movement.

Answer 10

patellofemoral syndrome

Question 11

what condition is this?

Gradual onset of symptoms
Anterior knee pain (non-radiating)
May have a hard time pin pointing the exact location
May be exacerbated by prolonged flexion and repeated movements of patella over joint

Answer 11

patellofemoral syndrome

Question 12

The proper name for shin splints

Answer 12

medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 13

The infiltration of bacteria (different varieties) within a joint that causes inflammation

Answer 13

septic joint aka septic arthritis

Question 14

what area does the infection grow in a septic joint

Answer 14

Infection grows in the synovial fluid and lining

Question 15

Another name for cauda equina syndrome

Answer 15

epidural compression syndrome

Question 16

what condition is this?

Spinal cord injury
Motor or sensory loss in the distal legs and perineal region.
Caused by damage to nerve roots at the caudal end of the spinal cord

Answer 16

cauda equina syndrome

Question 17

these are symptoms of what condition?

Variable motor and/or sensory loss in the lower extremities
Sciatica
Bowel and bladder dysfunction
“Saddle anaesthesia” (loss of sensation over the perineum)
Urinary retention
Erectile dysfunctions

Answer 17

cauda equina syndrome

Question 18

common causes of compartment syndrome

Answer 18

fractures and severe contusions

Rare causes include snakebites, severe exertion, drug overdoses, casts, tight bandages, and other circumferential devices.

Question 19

what condition is this?
Increase in pressure within the muscles which can lead to lack of blood flow (ischema)

Answer 19

compartment syndrome

Question 20

what are the 5 P’s of compartment syndrome?

Answer 20

Pain or tightness (early, increases with passive stretch)
Pallor
Parathesia
Paralysis (Late sign)
Pulselessness

May be accompanied by motor and nerve dysfunction
On palpation, area is swollen, firm and tender when squeezed

Question 21

earliest symptom of compartment syndrome

Answer 21

Worsening pain.
It is typically out of proportion to the severity of the apparent injury and is exacerbated by passive stretching of the muscles within the compartment.

Question 22

Compartmental pressure measurement of 20-40mmHg can sometimes be treated conservatively with ______
Pressures of >40 mmHg usually require __________ to relieve pressure

Answer 22

Analgesics

immediate fasciotomy

Question 23

what condition is this

Pain that originates from muscular, ligamentous, vertebral, or disk disease. This is without any nerve involvement and is located primarily in the back.

Answer 23

mechanical lower back pain

Question 24

lower back pain, give time for
acute, sub-acute and chronic

Answer 24

Acute pain = < 6 weeks
Sub-acute pain = between 6 – 12 weeks
Chronic pain = > 12 weeks

Question 25

What is the term used to describe Loss of sensation over the perineum?

Answer 25

Saddle anaesthesia

Question 26

saddle anaesthesia is a symptom of what MSK condition?

Answer 26

cauda equina

Question 27

A patient is unable to bear weight on their ankle with what grade sprain?

Answer 27

3rd grade