conditions Flashcards
A tearing injury that occurs to one or more ligaments when a joint is forced beyond the limits of its normal plane of motion.
sprain
What’s the difference between 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree sprains
1st degree - no tear (stretched)
2nd degree - partial tear
3rd degree - complete tear
what degree of Sprain is this?
Minimal function loss
Mild tenderness, without laxity
Some edema
Able to bear weight
1st degree
what degree of sprain is this?
Notable function loss
Tenderness, with increased laxity on exam but endpoint
Obvious edema
Difficulty bearing weight
Ecchymosis
2nd degree
what degree of sprain is this?
Function loss
Tenderness/Pain, with increased laxity on exam but no firm endpoint on exam
Unable to bear weight
Ecchymosis
3rd degree
sprain - increased laxity but with an endpoint. what degree?
2nd degree
A tearing injury to muscle fibres and/or tendons resulting from excessive tension or overuse.
strain
describe 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree strains
1st Degree – no tear, just stretched
2nd Degree – partial tear
3rd Degree – complete tear
what condition is this?
Generalized knee pain, without swelling, because of softening of the cartilage under the patella
Patellofemoral syndrome
This disorder probably results from angular or rotational changes in the leg that unbalance elements of the quadriceps and cause patellar misalignment during movement.
patellofemoral syndrome
what condition is this?
Gradual onset of symptoms
Anterior knee pain (non-radiating)
May have a hard time pin pointing the exact location
May be exacerbated by prolonged flexion and repeated movements of patella over joint
patellofemoral syndrome
The proper name for shin splints
medial tibial stress syndrome
The infiltration of bacteria (different varieties) within a joint that causes inflammation
septic joint aka septic arthritis
what area does the infection grow in a septic joint
Infection grows in the synovial fluid and lining
Another name for cauda equina syndrome
epidural compression syndrome
what condition is this?
Spinal cord injury
Motor or sensory loss in the distal legs and perineal region.
Caused by damage to nerve roots at the caudal end of the spinal cord
cauda equina syndrome
these are symptoms of what condition?
Variable motor and/or sensory loss in the lower extremities
Sciatica
Bowel and bladder dysfunction
“Saddle anaesthesia” (loss of sensation over the perineum)
Urinary retention
Erectile dysfunctions
cauda equina syndrome
common causes of compartment syndrome
fractures and severe contusions
Rare causes include snakebites, severe exertion, drug overdoses, casts, tight bandages, and other circumferential devices.
what condition is this?
Increase in pressure within the muscles which can lead to lack of blood flow (ischema)
compartment syndrome
what are the 5 P’s of compartment syndrome?
Pain or tightness (early, increases with passive stretch)
Pallor
Parathesia
Paralysis (Late sign)
Pulselessness
May be accompanied by motor and nerve dysfunction
On palpation, area is swollen, firm and tender when squeezed
earliest symptom of compartment syndrome
Worsening pain.
It is typically out of proportion to the severity of the apparent injury and is exacerbated by passive stretching of the muscles within the compartment.
Compartmental pressure measurement of 20-40mmHg can sometimes be treated conservatively with ______
Pressures of >40 mmHg usually require __________ to relieve pressure
Analgesics
immediate fasciotomy
what condition is this
Pain that originates from muscular, ligamentous, vertebral, or disk disease. This is without any nerve involvement and is located primarily in the back.
mechanical lower back pain
lower back pain, give time for
acute, sub-acute and chronic
Acute pain = < 6 weeks
Sub-acute pain = between 6 – 12 weeks
Chronic pain = > 12 weeks
What is the term used to describe Loss of sensation over the perineum?
Saddle anaesthesia
saddle anaesthesia is a symptom of what MSK condition?
cauda equina
A patient is unable to bear weight on their ankle with what grade sprain?
3rd grade
