MSIC

Question 1

What are characterics of molecules that can traverse the plasma membrane via simple diffusion?

Answer 1

fat-soluble, small, and uncharged

Question 2

Carrier proteins and channel proteins transfer what kind of molecuels?

Answer 2

small, water-soluble molecules

Question 3

Channel proteins are regulated by what 3 factors?

Answer 3

Membrane potential, neurotransmitters, mechanical stress

Question 4

What is the major mechanisms by which large molecules move, enter/leave the cell?

Answer 4

Vesicle budding

Question 5

What is the classification of pinocytosis?

Answer 5

Clathrin independent

Question 6

What is the classification of phagocytosis?

Answer 6

Clatherin independent, actin dependent

Question 7

What are PAMPs, what do they play a role in?

Answer 7

Pathogen associated molecular patterns, activate nuclear factor kappa B –> regulates cell phagocytosis

Question 8

What are Fc?

Answer 8

non-antigen binding domains

Question 9

What is involved in movement of cargo material from plasma membranes to early endosomes and Golgi apparatus to early and late endosomes?

Answer 9

Clathrin-coated vesicles

Question 10

COPII coated vesicles are transported from where to where?

Answer 10

rER–> Golgi apparatus

Question 11

COPI transports vesicles where?

Answer 11

Golgi apparatus –> rER

Question 12

What are multivesicular bodies (MVB)?

Answer 12

highly selective transporters that transport proteins from early to late endosomes and seperate proteins that are destined to be recyclin

Question 13

What organelle is well defined in secretory cells?

Answer 13

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

What types of cells do not have mitochondria?

Answer 14

RBC and terminal keratinocytes

Question 15

What are three functions of proteins in mitochondria cristae?

Answer 15

1. oxidation reaction
2. synthesizing ATP
3. regulating transport

Question 16

Cytochrome c is located in what part of the mitochondria?

Answer 16

intermembrane space

Question 17

What is the major products of the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 17

CO2 and reduced NADH (source of electrons)

Question 18

What do matrix granules store and what is their function?

Answer 18

Ca2+ – they increse in number and size when concentration of cation increases in cytoplasm.

Question 19

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 19

mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, tRNAs

Question 20

What is chemiosmotic coupling?

Answer 20

movement of protons back to mitochondrial matrix, against H gradient

Question 21

MERRF is a defect in what structure?

Answer 21

mitochondrial DNA coding for lysine

Question 22

Describe the mitochondria orthodox configuration

Answer 22

cristae are prominent and the matrix compartment occupies a large part of the total mitochondrial volume, IT IS LOW LEVEL of oxidative phophorylation

Question 23

Describe the mitochondrial condensed configuration

Answer 23

cristae are not easily recognized the matrix is concentrated –> HIGH LEVELS of oxidative phosphorylation

Question 24

What initiates the cascade of protelytic enzymes that lead to cell apoptosis?

Answer 24

Bcl-2 –> release of cytochrome c

Question 25

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids is a major function of what structure?

Answer 25

peroxisomes

Question 26

Where are peroxisomes most abundant?

Answer 26

liver and kidney cells

Question 27

Zellweger syndrome is a disorder caused by what?

Answer 27

unfunctional peroxisome bc of lack of necessary enzymes (targeting signal is mutated)