MSE

Question 1

Define organic stupor or torpor

Answer 1

lower level of consciousness and patient usually responds poorly or not at all to stimuli
After recovery –> no memory

Question 2

What is a twilight state?

Answer 2

consciousness restricted –> mind dominated by small group of ideas/attitutudes/ images
may appear perplexed but behaviour often well ordered
hallucinations common

Question 3

What is the difference between ego syntonic vs ego dystonic?

Answer 3

ego syntonic = no distress, compatible with self concept/ego

ego dystonic = causes distress, not compatible

Question 4

Realism vs. Construstivisim vs. Pragmatism

Answer 4

Realism: mental illness is as real as physical illness - genetic, biological basis

Constructivism: no biological reality, purely a social construct - based on social conventions and human activity –> anti-psychiatry thought

Pragmatism: classifications and conditions are based on what works and is useful, not whats real - middle ground, discourage separating disorders as specific entities

Question 5

Monothetic vs Polythetic Model

Answer 5

monothetic = certain symptoms essential = narrow, very specific
- good for specific conditions, but may miss atypical presentations –> false negatives

polythetic = broad range of symptoms, none more important than others
- can be non-specific –> false positives

Question 6

Sensory Distortions vs Deceptions

Answer 6

Sensory distortion = constant REAL perceptual object –> perceived in distorted way
–> result of change in intensty/quality/spatial form of perception

Deception = NEW perception occurs - may/may not be in response to external stimuli

Question 7

Hyperaesthesia
Hypoaesthesia

Hyperacusis
Hypoacusis

Answer 7

(hyper/hypo)aesthesia = increased/decreased INTENSITY of sensations

• Hyper: intense emotions, lowering of physiological threshold (hangover, migraine, anxiety, depression)
• Hypo - delirium, attn deficits, depression

Hyper/hypo - acusis = to do with sound, sensitivity to noise

Question 8

Dysmegalopsia and causes

Answer 8

dysmegalopsia = change in the perceived shape of the object
objects bigger/smaller on one side than the other
- think organic - retinal disease, disorsders of acommodation, convergence, parietal/temporal lobe lesions, epileptic aura/seizure, atropine poisoning, hyoscine poisoning
SCZ rare

Question 9

Define: 
micropsia 
macropsia
megalopsia
metamorphosia

Answer 9

micropsia = objects smaller than they are
macropsia = megalopsia = bjects bigger than they are
metamorphosia = irregular shape

Question 10

What are sensory deceptions further divided into - define them.

Answer 10

Illusions: misinterpretations of stimuli arising from an external object
- stimuli from perceivd object + mental image –> faclse perception
- shadows at night = people in room
NOT indicative of psychopathology

Hallucinations: perceptions without an adequate external stimulus

Question 11

How are illusions further divided

Answer 11

Completion Illusions =

• due to misattention
• influenced by past experiences
• ie. filling gaps when reading look –> book, when reading newspaper quickly

Affect Illusions =

• due to mood state
• ie. bereaved person seeing deceased person
• ie. delirious person seeing innocent gestures as threatening

Pareidolia

• vivid illusions without patient maing an effort
• due to excessive fantasy thinking and vivid visual imagery
• not due to affect or mindset
• seeing pictures in fire/clouds without any conscious effort

Question 12

How did Jaspers define hallucinations

Answer 12

a false perception which is not a sensory distortion or a misinterpretion - but which occurs at the same time as real perceptions