MSA Lab Midterm

Question 1

Cervical vertebrae: typical/atypical

Answer 1

Typical: C3-C6
Atypical: C1, C2, C7

Question 2

Thoracic vertebrae: typical/atypical

Answer 2

Typical: T2-T8
Atypical: T1, T9-T12

Question 3

Lumbar vertebrae: typical/atypical

Answer 3

Typical: L1-L4
Atypical: L5

Question 4

Typical/Atypical Ribs

Answer 4

Typical: 3-9
Atypical: 1, 2,10-12

Question 5

Atlanto-occipital Joints (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

Answer 5

Type of Joint:
 synovial,
 condyloid (ellipsoid),
 diarthrosis,
 biaxial
Accessory Ligaments:
 loose capsule,
 posterior & anterior atlanto-occipital ligaments
Movements:
 flexion & extension,
 slight lateral flexion

Question 6

Spine - Vertebral Bodies

Answer 6

• Cervical Vertebral Bodies
  -equal height anterior to posterior
• Thoracic Vertebral Bodies
  -thicker posteriorly than anteriorly
• Lumbar Vertebral Bodies - heights vary
  -L1 – higher posteriorly
  -L2 – heights are equal
  -L3 to L5 - higher anteriorly

Question 7

Spine - Intervertebral Discs (thickness)

Answer 7

Cervical Discs - thicker anteriorly
Thoracic Discs - equal thickness
Lumbar Discs - thicker anteriorly

Question 8

What are the Three openings in the diaphragm for?

Answer 8

*Inferior vena Cava (Level of T8)
*Esophagus (Level of T10)
*Abdominal Aorta (Level of T12)

Question 9

Coccyx

Answer 9

Composed of 3-5 vertebrae fused