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MSA II > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical vertebrae: typical/atypical

A

Typical: C3-C6
Atypical: C1, C2, C7

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2
Q

Thoracic vertebrae: typical/atypical

A

Typical: T2-T8
Atypical: T1, T9-T12

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3
Q

Lumbar vertebrae: typical/atypical

A

Typical: L1-L4
Atypical: L5

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4
Q

Typical/Atypical Ribs

A

Typical: 3-9
Atypical: 1, 2,10-12

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5
Q

C1 - Landmarks

A

 Anterior Arch
 articular facet for dens/odontoid process
 anterior tubercle
 fovea dentis
 Lateral Mass (no vertebral body)
 tubercle for transverse ligament
 superior articular facet
 inferior articular facet (not shown)
 transverse foramen (foramen transversarium)
 transverse process P
 Posterior Arch
 posterior tubercle P
 groove for vertebral artery

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6
Q

Important landmarks/ligaments of C2

A
  • Dens
  • Anterior Articular Facet
  • Posterior Articular Facet
  • Alar Ligaments
  • Transverse Ligament
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7
Q

Atlanto-occipital Joints (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
 synovial,
 condyloid (ellipsoid),
 diarthrosis,
 biaxial
Accessory Ligaments:
 loose capsule,
 posterior & anterior atlanto-occipital ligaments
Movements:
 flexion & extension,
 slight lateral flexion

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8
Q

Medial Atlanto-Axial Joint (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
 synovial,
 pivot/trochoid,
 diarthrosis,
 uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
 atlas C1: facet for dens on atlas (concave)
 axis C2: anterior faced for the dens on the axis (convex)
Accessory ligaments:
 transverse ligament, see summary
Movements:
 rotation

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9
Q

Lateral Atlanto-Axial Joints (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
 synovial,
 plane (gliding),
 diarthrosis,
 uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
 Atlas C1: inferior facets of C1
 Axis C2: superior facets of C2
Accessory Ligaments:
 see summary
Movements:
 gliding

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10
Q

Facet/Zygapophyseal/Apophyseal Joints (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
 synovial,
 plane,
 diarthrosis,
 uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
 inferior condylar facet of superior vertebra,
 superior condylar facet of inferior vertebra
Accessory Ligaments:
 articular capsule,
 supraspinous,
 interspinous,
 ligamentum nuchae/nuchal ligament,
 ligamentum flavum,
 intertransverse
Movement:
 gliding,
 flexion,
 extension coupled with slight lateral flexion & rotation

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11
Q

Intervertebral Joints (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
 cartilaginous,
 symphysis,
 amphiarthrosis,
 triaxial
Articular Surfaces:
 inferior body of superior vertebra,
 superior body of inferior vertebra,
 intervertebral disc (containing annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus)
Accessory Ligaments:
 anterior longitudinal,
 posterior longitudinal
Movement:
 flexion and extension,
 lateral flexion and
 some rotation

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12
Q

Costovertebral Joints (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- synovial,
- plane,
- diarthrosis,
- uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
- facet or demifacet on vertebral body
- rib head facets and interarticular crest where present
Accessory Ligaments:
- fibrous capsule,
- radiate (anterior costovertebral),
- intra-articular ligament,
- costotransverse ligaments (superior & lateral)
Movement:
- gliding (elevation and depression of the ribs during breathing)

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13
Q

Costotransverse Joint (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- synovial,
- plane,
- diarthrosis,
- uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
- transverse process costal facet
- articular facet on tubercle on rib
Accessory Ligaments:
- fibrous capsule,
- superior & lateral costotransverse and
- intertransverse
Movement:
- gliding (elevation and depression of ribs during breathing)

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14
Q

Sternocostal Joint (Rib 1) (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- cartilaginous,
- synchondrosis,
- synarthrosis
Articular Surfaces:
- costal notch of manubrium
- anterior end of 1st rib cartilage
Accessory Ligaments:
- anterior sternocostal (stellate or radiate ligaments)
Movement:
- none

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15
Q

Sternocostal Joints P (2 - 7 Ribs) (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- synovial,
- plane,
- diarthrosis,
- uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
- costal facet of sternum (Rib 2 at sternal angle, Ribs 3-7 at body)
Articular Surfaces:
- anterior end of 2-7 rib cartilages
Accessory Ligaments:
- fibrous capsule,
- radiate sternocostal ligament
- intra-articular ligaments
Movement:
- slight gliding

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16
Q

Costochondral Joints P (1-10) (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- cartilaginous,
- synchondrosis,
- synarthrosis
Articular Surfaces:
- lateral edge of costal cartilage and the medial end of the rib
Accessory Ligaments:
- none
Movements:
- only slight

17
Q

Manubriosternal (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- cartilaginous,
- symphysis,
- amphiarthrosis,
- uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
- inferior margin of the manubrium
- superior margin of the body of the sternum
Accessory Ligaments:
- manubriosternal ligament
Movement:
- slight flexion & extension (during breathing)

18
Q

Xiphisternal Joint (type of joint, Ligaments, movement)

A

Type of Joint:
- cartilaginous,
- synchondrosis,
- amphiarthrosis,
- uniaxial
Articular Surfaces:
- inferior margin of the body of the sternum
- superior margin of xiphoid process
Accessory Ligaments:
- sternoxiphoid ligament
Movement:
- slight flexion and extension

19
Q

Layers of back muscles (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3, Layer 4, Layer 5, Layer 6)

A

Layer 1 (most superficial layer)
- trapezius,
- latissimus dorsi
Layer 2
- levator scapulae,
- rhomboid major and minor
Layer 3
- serratus posterior superior and inferior
Layer 4
- splenius capitis and cervicis
Layer 5
- erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
Layer 6 (deepest layer)
- transversospinalis (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

20
Q

Coupled motions

A
  • C2 through to T5 - lateral flexion is always accompanied by rotation on the ipsilateral side (same).
  • T6 through to L5 - lateral flexion is always accompanied by rotation on the contralateral side (opposite).
21
Q

What is Costal Cartilage made of?

A

made of cartilage cells in a glycoprotein matrix strengthened by collagen.

22
Q

Ligaments of the spine from anterior to posterior

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
Interspinal Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament

23
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2, becomes cauda equina.

24
Q

Functions of the Spine

A

Protection
Stabilization
Support & Weight bearing
Motion
Resiliency - Shock Absorption

25
Q

Spine - Vertebral Bodies

A
  • Cervical Vertebral Bodies
    -equal height anterior to posterior
  • Thoracic Vertebral Bodies
    -thicker posteriorly than anteriorly
  • Lumbar Vertebral Bodies - heights vary
    -L1 – higher posteriorly
    -L2 – heights are equal
    -L3 to L5 - higher anteriorly
26
Q

Spine - Intervertebral Discs (thickness)

A

Cervical Discs - thicker anteriorly
Thoracic Discs - equal thickness
Lumbar Discs - thicker anteriorly

27
Q

What are the Intervertebral Discs

A
  • The annulus fibrosus is layers of fibrocartilage made of collagen that strengthen and redistribute forces along the disc.
  • The nucleus pulposus contains loose fibres in a mucoprotein gel and acts as a shock absorber for the entire body.
28
Q

what is the name of the end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus Medullaris

29
Q

Lumbar ROM

A

● Flexion: 40-60
● Extension: 20-35
● Side Flexion: 15-20
● Rotation: 3-18

30
Q

Thoracic ROM

A

● Flexion: 20-45
● Extension: 25-45
● Side Flexion: 20-40
● Rotation: 35-50

31
Q

Cervical ROM

A

● Flexion: 80-90
● Extension: 70
● Side Flexion: 20-45
● Rotation: 70-90

32
Q

True Ribs + other name for them

A

Ribs 1-7
Vertebrosternal ribs

33
Q

False Ribs + other name for them

A

Ribs 8-10
Vertebrochondral ribs

34
Q

Floating Ribs + other name for them

A

Ribs 11-12
Vertebral ribs

35
Q

What makes Rib 1 Different?

A

-Shorter and wider
-One articular facet on head
-Scalene tubercle for attachment of
anterior scalene muscle
-Grooves for subclavian artery and subclavian vein
-Rough area for attachment of middle scalene muscle

36
Q

What makes Rib 2 Different?

A

-Thinner and longer than Rib 1
-Rough area for attachment of posterior scalene muscle

37
Q

What makes rib 10, 11, 12 different?

A

Rib 10
- Has only 1 facet
Rib 11
- Has no neck
- Has only 1 facet
Rib 12
- Has no neck
- Has only 1 facet

38
Q

What are the Three openings in the diaphragm for?

A

*Inferior vena Cava (Level of T8)
*Esophagus (Level of T10)
*Abdominal Aorta (Level of T12)

MSA II (2 decks)

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